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Climate change in Uruguay

Climate change in Uruguay describes the effects of climate change in Uruguay. As the result of global temperature increases, Uruguay is expected to have temperature increases of 3 °C by about 2100 and there is expected increases in precipitation.[1] Increases of climate rain in Uruguay and Argentina during 2018 was estimated by the World Meteorological organization to have caused $2.5 billion in damage.[2]

The main sources of carbon emissions in Uruguay are food production and transport.[3][4] When compared to the rest of the world, Uruguay only contributes 0.05% of the total global emissions.[5] In 2017, Uruguay identified 106 methods of reducing emissions as part of their Nationally Determined Contributions to the Paris Climate Agreement.[6][7] Activities include reductions of emissions across food and grain production, increases of native and reforested land, restoration of bogland and grasslands as carbon sinks.[3] The Nationally Determined Contribution began a process of revision in 2020 with the objective to provide greater ambition in 2022.[6]

To pursue climate policy, the country created on the 20th of May 2009, the Sistema Nacional de Respuesta al Cambio Climático y variabilidad (SNRCC) through directive 238/09.[8] The SNRCC produces reportes from monitoring and verification of the work to achieve the Nationally Determined Contribution and other policies.[6]

In 2015, a law transformed that organization into a Secretariat for Environment, Water and Climate change. The Secretariat is charged with coordinating public policy across the three areas.[9] The secretary participates in the committee of other actors in the National Environmental System (in Spanish, Sistema Nacional Ambiental (SNA)). Internationally, Uruguay is part of the Kyoto Protocol, Paris Accorde and the Doha Amendment. The private sector in Uruguay has committed to at least 15 actions to mitigate the effects of climate change, according to the NAZCA portal.[10] Uruguay is also a member of the International Renewable Energy Agency.[11]

Emissions inventory

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In 2019 Uruguay emitted 6,170 Gg of CO2.[4] The largest source of emissions in Uruguay is transportation with 3,670 Gg of CO2 en 2019, with the second being industry (915 Gg), and the sectors of agriculture, fishing and minerals 484 Gg.[4] The energy sector emits 610 Gg.[4]

Environmental impacts

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Changes to temperature and Climate

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Köppen climate classification map for Uruguay for 1980–2016
 
2071–2100 map under the most intense climate change scenario. Mid-range scenarios are currently considered more likely[12][13][14]

Mitigation and adaptation methods

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The national system for managing public policy for climate change is the Sistema Nacional de Respuesta al Cambio Climático y variabilidad (SNRCC), the Sistema Nacional Ambiental, the Gabinete Nacional Ambiental and the Secretaría Nacional de Ambiente, Agua y Cambio Climático. In 2010 the parties created the National Climate Change Response Plan (Plan Nacional de Respuesta al Cambio Climático).In 2017, they extended and adapted the plan into a national policy for implementing their Nationally Determined Contribution .[3]

Climate finance

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For the period of 2015–2021, Uruguay received approximately US$1,153,103,861.08 of climate finance focused on funding mitigation in agriculture, urban mobility and other environmental institutions and programs.

Society and culture

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In 2020, a survey of 1500 people in Uruguay, found that 90% of Uruguayans knew climate change was a problem and important for Uruguay to address .[15]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "En Uruguay "el cambio climático ya está ocurriendo"". Todo el campo - Noticias agropecuarias del Uruguay (in Spanish). Retrieved 2020-11-14.[permanent dead link‍]
  2. ^ "4 consecuencias del cambio climático que ya se pueden ver en América Latina". El Observador. Retrieved 2020-11-14.
  3. ^ a b c "Uruguay". www4.unfccc.int. Retrieved 2020-11-14.
  4. ^ a b c d "Balance Energético Nacional - Emisiones de CO2 por sector - Catálogo de Datos Abiertos". catalogodatos.gub.uy (in Spanish). Retrieved 2020-11-14.
  5. ^ UNFCCC (ed.). Conference of the Parties. Report of the Conference of the Parties on its twenty-first session, held in Paris from 30 November to 13 December 2015 (PDF). Retrieved 14 November 2020.
  6. ^ a b c "Climate Promise". Ministerio de Ambiente (in Spanish). Retrieved 2020-11-14.
  7. ^ "Contribución Determinada a Nivel Nacional". Ministerio de Ambiente (in Spanish). Retrieved 2020-11-15.
  8. ^ "Decreto N° 238/009". www.impo.com.uy. Retrieved 2021-07-31.
  9. ^ "Decreto N° 172/016". www.impo.com.uy. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  10. ^ "NAZCA 2019". climateaction.unfccc.int. Retrieved 2020-11-14.
  11. ^ "IRENA Membership". /irenamembership. Retrieved 2020-11-14.
  12. ^ Hausfather, Zeke; Peters, Glen (29 January 2020). "Emissions – the 'business as usual' story is misleading". Nature. 577 (7792): 618–20. Bibcode:2020Natur.577..618H. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-00177-3. PMID 31996825.
  13. ^ Schuur, Edward A.G.; Abbott, Benjamin W.; Commane, Roisin; Ernakovich, Jessica; Euskirchen, Eugenie; Hugelius, Gustaf; Grosse, Guido; Jones, Miriam; Koven, Charlie; Leshyk, Victor; Lawrence, David; Loranty, Michael M.; Mauritz, Marguerite; Olefeldt, David; Natali, Susan; Rodenhizer, Heidi; Salmon, Verity; Schädel, Christina; Strauss, Jens; Treat, Claire; Turetsky, Merritt (2022). "Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic". Annual Review of Environment and Resources. 47: 343–371. doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847. Medium-range estimates of Arctic carbon emissions could result from moderate climate emission mitigation policies that keep global warming below 3°C (e.g., RCP4.5). This global warming level most closely matches country emissions reduction pledges made for the Paris Climate Agreement...
  14. ^ Phiddian, Ellen (5 April 2022). "Explainer: IPCC Scenarios". Cosmos. Archived from the original on 20 September 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2023. "The IPCC doesn't make projections about which of these scenarios is more likely, but other researchers and modellers can. The Australian Academy of Science, for instance, released a report last year stating that our current emissions trajectory had us headed for a 3°C warmer world, roughly in line with the middle scenario. Climate Action Tracker predicts 2.5 to 2.9°C of warming based on current policies and action, with pledges and government agreements taking this to 2.1°C.
  15. ^ "Percepción social del cambio climático en Uruguay". Ministerio de Ambiente (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-04-17.


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