Atik Valide Mosque

The Atik Valide Mosque (name translation: Old Queen Mother Mosque) was one of the most extensive mosque complexes in Istanbul area.^[1] The mosque was built for Nurbanu Sultan, the Venetian-born wife of Selim II and the mother of Murad III. She was the first valide sultan (queen mother) that exercised effective rule over the Ottoman Empire from the harem during the period known as the Sultanate of Women.^[2] For the Atik Valide mosques construction and maintenance, a foundation was established in 1583.^[3] The taxes of the Kurds from Kilis and the Reşwan tribe were included in the foundation.^[3]

The mosque was designed by the imperial architect Mimar Sinan and built in three stages. From the ground breaking in 1571 until the completion of the initial version of the mosque in 1574 another imperial architect supervised the work as Sinan was based in Edirne during the construction of the Selimiye Mosque. The second stage lasted from 1577 until 1578 and involved the addition of a second single-galleried minaret and a double portico. These changes were probably made as a result of Nurbanu's enhanced status as following accession of her son Murad III in 1574 she became the queen mother. Nurbanu died in 1583 and the third and final stage of construction took place between 1584 and 1586 after her death. The mosque was expanded laterally with the addition of a pair of small domes on each side of the central dome.^[4]

The mosque formed part of a large complex that also included a madrasa, a hadith college, a school for Quran recitation, an elementary school, a dervish convent, a hospital and a hospice complex that contained a guest-house and a double caravansaray.^[5] A bath-house was also built at this time.^[6]

The main space is covered by a central dome of 12.7 metres (42 ft) diameter supported on six arches arranged in a hexagon with two free-standing columns. The space is expanded by five exedral semi-domes, one of which contains the mihrab. The arch on the north side is filled with a flat wall which contains the entrance portal. The interior is surrounded on three sides by galleries.^[4]

The qibla wall and the mihrab recess are decorated with Iznik tiles. A pair of matched arched tiled panels on the side walls on either side of the mihrab depict spring blossoms and flowers. Above the windows under the portico on the north facade are ten rectangular calligraphic lunette panels. Four panels, two panels at each end, were added when the mosque was extended. They quote text from the Quran surah (48:3–4).^[7] The six central panel quote text from surah (39:53).^[8][9]

Upper floors were added to the hospice buildings in the 19th century when they were converted into a military hospital and prison.^[9]

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  Atik Valide Mosque complex from the south, with the exterior of the medrese visible
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  Atik Valide Mosque entrance side
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  Atik Valide Mosque view from a side
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  Atik Valide Mosque entrance
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  Atik Valide Mosque frish eye view
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  Atik Valide Mosque balcony
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  Atik Valide Mosque general view
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  Atik Valide Mosque wide angle
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  Atik Valide Mosque mihrab zone
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  Atik Valide Mosque tiles
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  Atik Valide Mosque tiles
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  Atik Valide Mosque tiles
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  The courtyard (sahn).

• List of Friday mosques designed by Mimar Sinan

• Necipoğlu, Gülru (2005). The Age of Sinan: Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-86189-253-9.
• Governorship of Istanbul. "General information on Atik Valide Mosque". Archived from the original on 2012-01-19. Retrieved 2009-03-07.

• Palerne, Jean (1606). Peregrinations du S. Jean Palerne Foresien, Secretaire de François de Valois Duc d'Anjou (in French). Lyon: Iean Pillehotte. p. 431. Includes a description of the caravansaray during a visit in 1582.

• Atik Valide Külliyesi, ArchNet.
• Photographs of the Atik Valide Mosque by Dick Osseman
• Flickr.com - Photographs of Atik Valide Mosque

  Media related to Atik Valide Mosque at Wikimedia Commons