North Akoko, usually abbreviated as Akoko and also known as Arigidi, is a dialect cluster spoken in Nigeria. It appears to form a branch of the "Yoruba–Edo–Akoko–Igbo" (YEAI) group of Niger–Congo languages.[citation needed] It is spoken in the LGAs of Akoko North East, Akoko North West, Ekiti East, and Ijumu (Ethnologue).
| (North) Akoko | |
|---|---|
| Arigidi | |
| Native to | Nigeria |
| Region | Ondo State, Kogi State, Ekiti State |
Native speakers | (48,000 cited 1992)[1] |
Niger–Congo?
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | aqg |
| Glottolog | arig1246 |
Varieties
editAkokoid varieties include Arigidi, Erúṣú, Oyín, Ìgáṣí Eṣé, Urò, Ọ̀jọ̀, Àfá, Ògè, Ìdò, and Àjè.[2]
Below is a list of Arigidi language names, populations, and locations from Blench (2019).[3]
| Language | Alternate spellings | Own name for language | Endonym(s) | Other names (location-based) | Speakers | Location(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arigidi cluster | Ondo State, Akoko North LGA; Kwara State, Kogi LGA | |||||
| Afa | Ọ̀wọ̀n Àfá | Àfá | Oke–Agbe | Ondo State, Akoko North LGA, Oke–Agbe town, Affa section | ||
| Arigidi | Arìgìdí | Ondo State, Akoko North LGA, Arigidi town | ||||
| Eruṣu | Erusu, Erushu | Erúṣú | Ondo State, Akoko North LGA, Eruṣu town | |||
| Ese | Ọ̀wọ̀n Èsé | Èsé | Aje, Oke–Agbe | Ondo State, Akoko North LGA, Oke–Agbe town, Ese section | ||
| Igaṣi | Igashi, Igasi | Ọ̀wọ̀n Ìgáṣí | Ìgàshí | 45,000 (1986) | Ondo State, Akoko North LGA, Igaṣi town | |
| Oge | Ọ̀wọ̀ Ògè | Òge | Oke–Agbe | Ondo State, Akoko North LGA, Oke–Agbe town, Oge section | ||
| Ọjọ | Ondo State, Akoko North LGA, Ajọwa town | |||||
| Oyin | Ondo State, Akoko North LGA, Oyin–Akoko town | |||||
| Udo | Ido | Ọ̀wọ̀n Ùdò | Oke–Agbe | Ondo State, Akoko North LGA, Oke–Agbe town, Udo section | ||
| Uro | 3,000 (1986) | Ondo State, Akoko North LGA, Uro–Ajọwa town |
Internal classification
editThe internal classification of Akokoid language varieties is given by Fadoro (2010) as:[4]: 137
- Akokoid
- Arigidi
- Arigidi
- Erushu
- Ọ̀wọ̀n
- varieties in Oke Agbe
- Afa
- Aje
- Udo
- Oge
- varieties outside Oke Agbe
- Oyin
- Igashi
- Uro
- varieties in Oke Agbe
Arigidi and Erushu are mutually intelligible with each other; varieties spoken in Oke Agbe with each other; and varieties spoken outside Oke Agbe with each other. However, these three groups are not mutually intelligible with each other.[4]: 137
Reconstructions
editThe following list of Proto-Akokoid reconstructions is from Blench (n.d.).[5]
Gloss Proto-Akokoid head *igírí hair *icírí eye *íjù ear *útó nose *úwɔ̃́ mouth *odòrũ tooth *eɲĩ tongue *írɛ̃́ jaw *àmgbà chin *ùlɛ, *olò beard *ìlɛ̀ neck *ògúgɔ̀ breast *íkpɔ heart *ɛ̀gɛ̀, *ɔkɔ̃̀ belly *ìgɔ stomach navel *ípɔ̃́ back *òsũ arm, hand *úwɔ́ nail *íŋgà buttocks *imbɔ̃̀ penis *ìndù vagina thigh #koko leg *ùhò knee *igɔ̀ body *ìji skin *àla bone *íkpĩ
See also
edit- List of Proto-Akokoid reconstructions (Wiktionary)
References
edit- ^ (North) Akoko at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Oshodi, Boluwaji. 2012. The Arigidi Cluster: an Internal Re-classification. Towards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction (International Congress), 18-21 September 2012, Paris.
- ^ Blench, Roger (2019). An Atlas of Nigerian Languages (4th ed.). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
- ^ a b Fadọrọ, Jacob Oludare. 2010. Phonological and lexical variations in Akokoid. Doctoral dissertation, University of Ibadan.
- ^ Blench, Roger. Comparative Akokoid.
- Blench, Roger. Comparative Akokoid.
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