Polish/Locative case
< Polish
Locative case are used in the following contexts:
- When describing the location of something or someone
- When thinking or talking about something or someone
- When writing about something or someone
The locative case answers the questions where? (gdzie?) as well as the questions about what? (o czym?) and about whom? (o kim?).
The locative case appears when the noun is controlled by one of the following prepositions:
| Preposition | English | Example |
|---|---|---|
| W[e] | in | I'm in the shop |
| Na | on | The cafe is on the square (object is not moving) |
| Po | on | The girl is walking on the square (subject is moving) |
| Przy | Next to | The car is parked next to the tree |
| Po | After | Shall we dance after the dinner |
| O | About | I'm thinking about you |
Singular
editNouns
editThe apostrophe indicates historical softening. It is helpful to review the hard and soft consonants table before continuing.
| Gender | Rule | Ending | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| Masculine Neuter |
After stems ending in p, b, f, w, t, d, s, z, m, n, r, ł | -'e | teatr > w teatrze, zeszyt > w zeszycie, okno > przy oknie |
| After all other stems | -u | w kiosku, na kocu, w biurku, na łóżku | |
| Feminine | After stems ending in p, b, f, w, t, d, s, z, m, n, r, ł, k, g, h, ch | -'e | szkoła > w szkole, poczta > na poczcie |
| After stems ending in ci, dzi, l, ni, si, wi, zi | -i | w sali | |
| After all other stems | -y | w pracy |
Adjectives
edit| Gender | Rule | Ending | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| Masculine Neuter |
After stems ending in g, k or i | -im | drogim, wszystkim, tanim |
| After all other stems | -ym | dobrym, zielonym | |
| Feminine | After stems ending in g, k or i | -iej | drogiej, wszystkiej, taniej |
| After all other stems | -ej | dobrej, zielonej |
Plural
editNouns
edit| Gender | Ending | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Masculine | -ach | w teatrach, w zeszytach, w koskach, na kocach |
| Neuter | w biurkach, na łóżkach, przy oknach | |
| Feminine | w szkołach, na pocztach, w pracach, w salach |
Adjectives
edit| Gender | Rule | Ending | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| Masculine Neuter Feminine |
After stems ending in g, k or i | -ich | drogich, tanich, wszystkich |
| After all other stems | -ych | dobrych, ciepłych, małych |
Pronouns
editPersonal pronouns
edit| English | Nominative | Locative |
|---|---|---|
| nothing | nic | niczym |
| no one | nikt | nikim |
| I | ja | mnie |
| you (informal singular) | ty | tobie |
| he | on | nim |
| she | ona | niej |
| it | ono | nim |
| you (formal masculine) | pan | panu |
| you (formal feminine) | pani | pani |
| we | my | nas |
| you (informal plural) | wy | was |
| you (formal masculine plural) | panowie | panach |
| you (formal feminine plural) | panie | paniach |
| you (formal mixed gender plural) | państwo | państwu |
| they (masculine or mixed gender) | oni | nich |
| they (feminine) | one | nich |
| reflexive | sobie |
Possessive pronouns
edit| type | my, mine | your, yours (singular) | your, yours (plural) | our, ours | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | mój | moim | twój | twoim | wasz | waszym | nasz | naszym |
| neuter | moje | moim | twoje | twoim | wasze | waszym | nasze | naszym |
| feminine | moja | mojej | twoja | twojej | wasza | waszej | nasza | naszej |
| masc. pers. pl | moi | moich | twoi | twoich | wasi | waszych | nasi | naszych |
| other pl. | moje | moich | twoje | twoich | wasze | waszych | nasze | naszych |
Interrogative pronouns
edit| English | Nominative | Locative |
|---|---|---|
| what? | co? | czym? |
| who? | kto? | kim? |
Relative, demonstrative and intensive pronouns
edit| type | which / who | what / what kind | this / that | self / same | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | który | którym | jaki | jakim | ten | tym | sam | samym |
| neuter | które | którym | jakie | jakim | to | tym | samo | samym |
| feminine | która | której | jaka | jakiej | ta | tej | sama | samej |
| masc. pers. pl | którzy | których | jacy | jakich | ci | tych | sami | samych |
| other pl. | które | których | jakie | jakich | te | tych | same | samych |