Vaccination schedule

A vaccination schedule is a series of vaccinations, including the timing of all doses, which may be either recommended or compulsory, depending on the country of residence. A vaccine is an antigenic preparation used to produce active immunity to a disease, in order to prevent or reduce the effects of infection by any natural or "wild" pathogen.^[2] Vaccines go through multiple phases of trials to ensure safety and effectiveness.

Many vaccines require multiple doses for maximum effectiveness, either to produce sufficient initial immune response or to boost response that fades over time. For example, tetanus vaccine boosters are often recommended every 10 years.^[3] Vaccine schedules are developed by governmental agencies or physicians groups to achieve maximum effectiveness using required and recommended vaccines for a locality while minimizing the number of health care system interactions. Over the past two decades, the recommended vaccination schedule has grown rapidly and become more complicated as many new vaccines have been developed.^[4]

Some vaccines are recommended only in certain areas (countries, sub national areas, or at-risk populations) where a disease is common. For instance, yellow fever vaccination is on the routine vaccine schedule of French Guiana, is recommended in certain regions of Brazil but in the United States is only given to travelers heading to countries with a history of the disease.^[5] In developing countries, vaccine recommendations also take into account the level of health care access, the cost of vaccines and issues with vaccine availability and storage. Sample vaccination schedules discussed by the World Health Organization show a developed country using a schedule which extends over the first five years of a child's life and uses vaccines which cost over $700 including administration costs while a developing country uses a schedule providing vaccines in the first 9 months of life and costing only $25.^[6] This difference is due to the lower cost of health care, the lower cost of many vaccines provided to developing nations, and that more expensive vaccines, often for less common diseases, are not utilized.

The World Health Organization monitors vaccination schedules across the world, noting what vaccines are included in each country's program, the coverage rates achieved and various auditing measures.^[7] The table below shows the types of vaccines given in example countries. The WHO publishes on its website current vaccination schedules for all WHO member states.^[8] Additional vaccines are given to individuals more likely to come into contact with specific diseases through work or travel (e.g. military), or after potentially infectious exposure. Examples include rabies, anthrax, cholera and smallpox.^[9][10]

Vaccines used for each infection in each country

Country Required for school Required for welfare Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Diphtheria Pertussis Tetanus Haemophilus influenzae Polio Measles Rubella Mumps Chickenpox Shingles Meningococcal Influenza Pneumococcal Encephalitis Cholera Human Papilloma Virus Japanese Encephalitis Rabies Rotavirus Tuberculosis Typhoid Fever Yellow fever Sources  Afghanistan DTwPHibHepB ✓ ✓ PCV RV BCG [9]  Albania DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR IIV PCV RV BCG [9]  Algeria ✓ DTwPHib ✓ MMR IIV PCV BCG [9]  Andorra ✓ ✓ ✓ MMR ✓ ✓ IIV PCV HPV [9]  Angola DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR PCV RV BCG YF [9]  Antigua and Barbuda DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR ✓ IIV PCV HPV YF [9]  Argentina Yes HepA DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR ✓ ✓ IIV PCV HPV Rab RV BCG YF [9]  Armenia HepA DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR ✓ IIV PCV HPV Rab RV BCG [9]  Australia Preschool and daycare in NSW, Vic and WA Yes HepA HepB DTaP Hib MMRV ✓ IIV HPV RV [9]  Austria No HepA HepB Tdap IPV MMR IIV PCV HPV RV [11][9]  Azerbaijan DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR PCV BCG [9]  Bahamas HepA DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR ✓ IIV PCV HPV RV YF [9]  Bahrain HepA DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR ✓ IIV PCV Chol HPV RV BCG YF [9]  Bangladesh DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR PCV HPV BCG [9]  Barbados HepA DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR ✓ IIV PCV HPV BCG YF [9]  Belarus HepB ✓ ✓ ✓ Hib ✓ MMR IIV PCV BCG [9]  Belgium Nurseries and daycare HepA HepB DTap Hib IPV MMR ✓ IIV PCV HPV RV [11][9]  Belize DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR IIV HPV Rab BCG YF [9]  Benin DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR PCV HPV BCG YF [9]  Bhutan DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR HPV BCG [9]  Bolivia DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR IIV PCV HPV RV BCG YF [9]  Bosnia and Herzegovina HepA HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV PCV BCG YF [9]  Botswana DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR PCV HPV RV BCG [9]  Brazil No Yes HepA DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMRV ✓ IIV PCV Chol HPV RV BCG YF [9]  Brunei HepB DTap Hib IPV MR IIV HPV BCG [9]  Bulgaria HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV PCV HPV Rab RV BCG [11][9]  Burkina Faso DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR PCV RV BCG YF [9]  Burundi DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR PCV HPV RV BCG YF [9]  Cape Verde DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR HPV BCG YF [9]  Cambodia DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR HPV JE BCG [9]  Cameroon DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR PCV HPV RV BCG YF [9]  Canada In New Brunswick and Ontario HepA HepB DTaPHibIPV MMRV ✓ ✓ IIV PCV HPV RV BCG [9]  Central African Republic HepB ✓ ✓ ✓ Hib ✓ ✓ PCV RV BCG YF [9]  Chad DTwPHibHepB ✓ ✓ BCG YF [9]  Chile HepA DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR IIV PCV HPV BCG YF [9]  China HepA HepB DTaP ✓ ✓ JE BCG [9]  Colombia HepA DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR ✓ IIV PCV HPV Rab RV BCG YF [9]  Comoros DTwPHibHepB ✓ ✓ PCV BCG [9]  Congo DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR PCV RV BCG YF [9]  Cook Islands DTaPHibHepB MR HPV BCG [9]  Costa Rica HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR ✓ IIV PCV HPV Rab RV BCG [9]  Ivory Coast DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR IIV PCV HPV RV BCG YF [9]  Croatia Nurseries, preschools and kindergartens HepB DTaP MMR IIV HPV BCG [11][9]  Cuba DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR ✓ IIV BCG [9]  Cyprus HepA HepB DTap Hib IPV MMR ✓ IIV PCV HPV BCG YF [11][9]  Czech Republic HepA HepB DTap Hib IPV MMR IIV HPV BCG [11][9]  North Korea DTwPHibHepB ✓ ✓ BCG [9]  DR Congo DTwPHibHepB ✓ ✓ PCV RV BCG YF [9]  Denmark No HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV PCV HPV [11][9]  Djibouti HepB ✓ ✓ ✓ Hib ✓ ✓ PCV RV BCG [9]  Dominica HepB ✓ ✓ ✓ Hib ✓ MMR IIV HPV BCG YF [9]  Dominican Republic HepB ✓ ✓ ✓ Hib ✓ MMR IIV PCV HPV Rab RV BCG YF [9]  Ecuador DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR ✓ IIV PCV HPV RV BCG YF [9]  Egypt DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR ✓ IIV PCV BCG YF [9]  El Salvador DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR IIV PCV RV BCG YF [9]  Equatorial Guinea DTwPHibHepB ✓ ✓ BCG YF [9]  Eritrea DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR PCV HPV RV BCG [9]  Estonia No HepB DTap Hib IPV MMR IIV HPV RV BCG [11][9]  Eswatini DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR PCV HPV RV BCG [9]  Ethiopia DTwPHibHepB ✓ ✓ PCV HPV RV BCG [9]  Fiji DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR HPV RV BCG [9]  Finland No HepB DTaPHibIPV MMRV IIV PCV TBE HPV RV BCG [11][9]  France Yes HepB DTaP MMR ✓ ✓ IIV PCV HPV BCG YF [11][9]  Gabon DTwPHibHepB ✓ ✓ BCG YF [9]  Gambia DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR PCV HPV RV BCG YF [9]  Georgia HepB ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ MMR IIV PCV HPV RV BCG [9]  Germany No HepB DTaPHibIPV MMRV ✓ ✓ IIV PCV HPV RV [11][9]  Ghana HepB ✓ ✓ ✓ Hib ✓ MR PCV RV BCG YF [9]  Greece HepA HepB DTaP MMRV ✓ IIV PCV HPV RV BCG [9]  Grenada DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR ✓ IIV HPV YF [9]  Guatemala DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR IIV PCV HPV RV BCG YF [9]  Guinea DTwPHibHepB ✓ ✓ BCG YF [9]  Guinea-Bissau DTwPHibHepB ✓ ✓ PCV RV BCG YF [9]  Guyana DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR ✓ PCV HPV RV BCG YF [9]  Haiti DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR PCV RV BCG [9]  Honduras HepA DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR IIV PCV HPV RV BCG YF [9]  Hong Kong HepB DTaP IPV MMR ✓ PCV HPV BCG [12]  Hungary No HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV PCV HPV BCG [9]  Iceland No HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR ✓ IIV PCV HPV [9]  India DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR JE RV BCG [9]  Indonesia DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR HPV JE BCG [13][9] MMR  Iran DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR ✓ IIV PCV BCG YF [9]  Iraq HepA HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV PCV RV BCG [9]  Ireland No HepB TDaP MMR ✓ IIV PCV HPV RV BCG [9]  Israel HepA HepB DTaPHibIPV MMRV ✓ IIV PCV TBE HPV JE RV BCG TF YF [9]  Italy Yes HepA DTaPHepBIPVHib MMRV ✓ ✓ IIV PCV HPV RV BCG [9]  Jamaica HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV PCV HPV BCG YF [9]  Japan No HepB DTap Hib IPV MR ✓ IIV[a] HPV JE BCG [9][14][15]  Jordan HepB ✓ ✓ ✓ Hib ✓ MMR IIV RV BCG [9]  Kazakhstan HepA HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV PCV TBE Rab BCG [9]  Kenya DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR IIV PCV HPV RV BCG YF [9]  Kiribati DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR IIV RV BCG [9]  Kuwait HepA DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMRV ✓ IIV PCV RV BCG TF YF [9]  Kyrgyzstan DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR PCV RV BCG [9]  Laos DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR IIV HPV JE RV BCG [9]  Latvia No HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR ✓ IIV PCV TBE HPV Rab RV BCG [9]  Lebanon DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR IIV PCV [9]  Lesotho DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR PCV RV BCG YF [9]  Liberia DTwPHibHepB ✓ ✓ PCV HPV RV BCG YF [9]  Libya HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV PCV HPV RV BCG YF [9]  Lithuania No HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV PCV HPV Rab RV BCG [9]  Luxembourg DTaPHibIPV MMRV ✓ IIV PCV HPV RV TF YF [9]  Madagascar DTwPHibHepB ✓ ✓ PCV RV BCG [9]  Malawi DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR PCV HPV RV BCG [9]  Malaysia HepB DTaPHibIPV MR IIV HPV JE BCG YF [9]  Maldives DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR HPV BCG YF [9]  Mali DTwPHibHepB ✓ ✓ PCV HPV RV BCG YF [9]  Malta HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV PCV HPV BCG [9]  Marshall Islands DTaPHepBIPV MR ✓ IIV HPV RV BCG [9]  Mauritania DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR PCV HPV RV BCG [9]  Mauritius HepA HepB ✓ ✓ ✓ MMR IIV PCV HPV RV BCG [9]  Mexico HepA HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR ✓ IIV PCV HPV RV BCG [9]  Micronesia DTaPHepBIPV MR HPV RV BCG [9]  Monaco HepB ✓ ✓ Hib ✓ MMR ✓ IIV PCV HPV [9]  Mongolia HepA DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR IIV BCG [9]  Montenegro HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV BCG [9]  Morocco DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR IIV PCV RV BCG [9]  Mozambique DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR PCV RV BCG [9]  Myanmar DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR JE BCG [9]  Namibia DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR PCV RV BCG [9]  Nauru DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR BCG [9]  Nepal DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR JE BCG [9]  Netherlands No HepB DTap Hib IPV MMR ✓ IIV PCV HPV [9]  New Zealand HepA HepB DTap Hib IPV MMR ✓ ✓ IIV HPV RV BCG [9]  Nicaragua DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR IIV PCV RV BCG YF [9]  Niger DTwPHibHepB ✓ ✓ PCV RV BCG YF [9]  Nigeria DTwPHibHepB ✓ ✓ PCV HPV RV BCG YF [9]  Niue DTwPHepBIPV MR IIV RV BCG [9]  North Macedonia HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV HPV BCG [9]  Norway No HepB DTap Hib IPV MMR IIV PCV HPV RV BCG [9]  Oman DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR ✓ IIV PCV BCG TF YF [9]  Pakistan DTwPHibHepB ✓ ✓ PCV RV BCG [9]  Palau DTaPHepBIPV MR IIV HPV RV [9]  Panama HepA HepB DTwPHib MMR ✓ IIV PCV HPV Rab RV BCG YF [9]  Papua New Guinea DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR HPV BCG [9]  Paraguay HepA DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR ✓ ✓ IIV PCV HPV RV BCG YF [9]  Peru DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR ✓ IIV PCV HPV RV BCG YF [9]  Philippines DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR IIV HPV BCG [9]  Poland No HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR ✓ IIV PCV Rab BCG [9]  Portugal No HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR ✓ IIV PCV HPV Rab BCG YF [9]  Qatar HepA DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR ✓ IIV PCV RV BCG [9]  South Korea HepA HepB DTaPHibIPV MR ✓ IIV HPV JE BCG TF [9]  Moldova DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR IIV PCV HPV RV BCG [9]  Romania No HepB DTap Hib IPV MMR ✓ IIV PCV RV BCG YF [9]  Russia No HepA HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR ✓ IIV PCV HPV RV BCG YF [9]  Rwanda DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR PCV HPV RV BCG [9]  Saint Kitts and Nevis DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR IIV HPV BCG YF [9]  Saint Lucia DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR ✓ IIV PCV HPV BCG YF [9]  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR HPV BCG YF [9]  Samoa DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR BCG [9]  San Marino HepA HepB DTap Hib IPV MMR ✓ ✓ IIV PCV Chol HPV JE Rab YF [9]  São Tomé and Príncipe DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR PCV HPV RV BCG YF [9]  Saudi Arabia HepA HepB DTaPHib MMR ✓ IIV PCV RV BCG YF [9]  Senegal DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR PCV HPV RV BCG YF [9]  Serbia HepA HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV PCV BCG TF YF [9]  Seychelles DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR PCV HPV RV BCG YF [9]  Sierra Leone DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR PCV HPV RV BCG YF [9]  Singapore HepB DTaPHibIPV MR IIV HPV BCG [9]  Slovakia No HepB DTap Hib IPV MMR IIV PCV [9]  Slovenia No HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR ✓ IIV PCV TBE HPV Rab BCG [9]  Solomon Islands DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR HPV BCG [9]  Somalia DTwPHibHepB ✓ ✓ BCG [9]  South Africa No HepB ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ IIV PCV HPV RV BCG [9]  South Sudan DTwPHibHepB ✓ ✓ BCG [9]  Spain No HepA HepB TDaP MMRV ✓ ✓ IIV PCV Chol HPV JE YF [9]  Sri Lanka DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR HPV JE BCG YF [9]  Sudan DTwPHibHepB ✓ ✓ ✓ PCV RV BCG [9]  Suriname DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR IIV HPV Rab YF [9]  Sweden No HepB DTap Hib IPV MMR IIV PCV HPV RV BCG [9]  Switzerland No HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR ✓ ✓ IIV PCV HPV [9]  Syria DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR ✓ IIV BCG [9]  Tajikistan DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR IIV RV BCG [9]  Tanzania DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR PCV HPV RV BCG [9]  Thailand HepB ✓ ✓ MR IIV HPV JE RV BCG [9]  East Timor DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR RV BCG [9]  Togo DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR PCV HPV RV BCG YF [9]  Tonga DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR HPV RV BCG [9]  Trinidad and Tobago DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR ✓ IIV PCV HPV YF [9]  Tunisia HepA DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR IIV BCG [9]  Turkey HepA HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR ✓ IIV PCV BCG [9]  Turkmenistan HepA DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR IIV PCV HPV RV BCG [9]  Tuvalu DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR IIV BCG [9]  Uganda DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR PCV HPV RV BCG [9]  Ukraine Yes DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR IIV BCG [9]  United Arab Emirates HepA DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR ✓ ✓ IIV PCV Chol RV BCG YF [9]  United Kingdom No HepB DTap Hib IPV MMR ✓ ✓ IIV PCV HPV Rab RV BCG [9]  United States Yes HepA DTaPHepBIPV MMRV ✓ IIV PCV HPV RV [9]  Uruguay HepA DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR ✓ IIV PCV HPV BCG YF [9]  Uzbekistan DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR IIV PCV RV BCG [9]  Vanuatu DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR HPV BCG [9]  Venezuela DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR ✓ IIV PCV Rab RV BCG YF [9]  Vietnam DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR IIV JE BCG [9]  Yemen DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR PCV RV BCG [9]  Zambia DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR PCV RV BCG [9]  Zimbabwe DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR PCV HPV RV BCG [9]
Mandatory to all	Mandatory to specific people	Recommended to all	Recommended to specific people	Neither mandatory nor recommended to anyone
^ Category B (i.e. not even recommended but for a personal care only) for the elderly. The public insurance partially covers the vaccination cost.

The Immunise Australia Program implements the National Immunization Program (NIP) Schedule. All vaccines available under the Australian immunization schedule are free of charge under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme.^[16]

Vaccine Schedule for Australia: 1 April 2019^[17]

Infection	Birth	Months					Years							Preg Women
		2	4	6	12	18	4	12–<13	14–<16	>15	>50	65+	70
Rotavirus		RV†	RV†
Hepatitis A					HepA§[a]	HepA§[a]
Hepatitis B	HepB†	DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib†	DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib†	DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib†	DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib‡			DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib‡	DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib‡[b]
Diphtheria								Tdap†						Tdap†
Pertussis
Tetanus
Polio								DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib‡
Haemophilus influenzae
Meningococcus					MenACWY†	MenACWY‡			MenACWY†	MenACWY‡[b]
Pneumococcus		PCV13†	PCV13†	PCV13#	PCV13†	PCV13‡[b]
				PCV13§[a]
							PPSV23#			PPSV23#§	PPSV23§	PPSV23†
Measles					MMR†	MMRV†	MMRV‡[b]
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella
Human papillomavirus								HPV x2†	HPV x2‡[b]
Influenza				IIV (yearly)†								IIV (yearly)†
				IIV (yearly)#
				IIV (yearly)§
Herpes Zoster													ZVL
† Recommended ages for everyone.   # Recommended ages for certain other high-risk groups.   ‡ Recommended ages for catch-up immunization.   § Recommended range of additional vaccinations for Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders. ^ a b c Queensland, Northern Territory, Western Australia, South Australia ^ a b c d e All people aged less than 20 years are eligible for free catch up vaccines.

Austrian vaccine recommendations are developed by the National Vaccination Board (German: Nationales Impfgremium), which is part of the Federal Ministry of Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection.^[18]

Children aged 14 and older can be vaccinated without parental consent.^[19]

All recommended vaccines are provide free of charge by the public health services.

Brazilian National Vaccination Schedule: 2019^[20]

Infection	Gestation	Birth	Months								Years
			2	3	4	5	6	9	12	15	4	5	9	11	10–59	60+
Tuberculosis		BCG
Leprosy
Hepatitis A										HepA
Hepatitis B		HepB	5V		5V		5V
Diphtheria	DTPa									DTP	DTP				dT
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae
Polio			IPV		IPV		IPV			OPV	OPV
Pneumococcus			10v		10v				10v
Meningococcus				MenC		MenC			MenC					MenC
Rotavirus			RV		RV
Measles									MMR	MMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella											VV
Yellow fever								YF
Human papillomavirus													HPV x2 (girls)	HPV x2 (boys)
Flu	IIV						IIV (yearly)									IIV (yearly)

In Canada, publicly funded immunization schedules may vary from province or territory.

Alberta Vaccine Schedule: 2015^[21]

Infection	Months					Years
	2	4	6	12	18	4	10–13	15–17	65+
Hepatitis B						HepB
Diphtheria	DTaP	DTaP	DTaP		DTaP	DTaP		Tdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae	HIB	HIB	HIB		HIB
Pneumococcus	PneuC13	PneuC13		PneuC13
Polio	IPV	IPV	IPV		IPV	IPV
Measles				MMRV		MMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella
Meningococcus		MenC		MenC				MenC-ACYW
Human papillomavirus							HPV	HPV (boys)
Flu			IIV (yearly)

British Columbia Vaccine Schedule: 2015^[21]

Infection	Months					Years
	2	4	6	12	18	4	10–13	15–17	65+
Hepatitis B	HepB	HepB	HepB
Rotavirus	RV	RV
Diphtheria	DTaP	DTaP	DTaP			DTaP		Tdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae	HIB	HIB	HIB		HIB
Pneumococcus	PneuC13	PneuC13		PneuC13
Polio	IPV	IPV	IPV		IPV	IPV
Measles				MMR		MMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella							VV
Meningococcus	MenCCV			MenCCV
Human papillomavirus							HPV (girls)
Flu			IIV (yearly)

New Brunswick Vaccine Schedule: 2015^[21]

Infection	Birth	Months					Years
		2	4	6	12	18	4	10–13	15–17	65+
Hepatitis B	HepB	HepB		HepB
Diphtheria		DTaP	DTaP	DTaP		DTaP	DTaP		Tdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae		HIB	HIB	HIB		HIB
Pneumococcus		PneuC13	PneuC13		PneuC13
Polio		IPV	IPV	IPV		IPV	IPV
Measles					MMRV	MMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella
Meningococcus					MenCCV				MenC-ACYW
Human papillomavirus								HPV (girls)
Flu				IIV (yearly)

Ontario Vaccine Schedule: 2017^[21]

Infection	Months						Years
	2	4	6	12	15	18	4	10–13	15–17
Hepatitis B								HepB
Rotavirus	RV	RV
Diphtheria	DTaP	DTaP	DTaP			DTaP	DTaP		Tdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae	HIB	HIB	HIB			HIB
Pneumococcus	PCV13	PCV13		PCV13
Polio	IPV	IPV	IPV			IPV	IPV
Measles				MMRV			MMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella					VV
Meningococcus				MenC				MenC-ACYW
Human papillomavirus								HPV (girls)

Quebec Vaccine Schedule: 2019^[22][23]

Infection	Months					Years
	2	4	6	12	18	4–6	9	14–16	Adult	50	65	75
Hepatitis A							HepA
Hepatitis B	HepB	HepB			HepB		HepB
Rotavirus	RV	RV
Diphtheria	DTaP	DTaP	DTaP		DTaP	Tdap		Tdap	Tdap	Tdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae	HIB	HIB	HIB		HIB
Pneumococcus	PCV10	PCV10		PCV10							PPV23
Polio	IPV	IPV	IPV		IPV	IPV
Measles				MMR	MMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella						VV
Meningococcus				MenCC				MenCC
Human papillomavirus							HPV
Flu			IIV	IIV	IIV							IIV (yearly)

Vaccination Schedule for Finland^[24][25]

Infection	Birth	Months						Years
		2	3	5	6	12	18	3	4	6	11–12	14–15	25	65+
Tuberculosis	BCG[a]
Rotavirus		RV	RV	RV
Diphtheria			DTaP	DTaP		DTaP			DTaP			Tdap	Td (10‑yearly)[b]
Tetanus
Pertussis
Polio			IPV	IPV		IPV			IPV
Haemophilus influenzae			HIB	HIB		HIB
Hepatitis B	HepB
Pneumococcus			PCV10[26]	PCV10[26]		PCV10[26]								PCV13 + PPSV23[26][c]
Measles						MMR[d]				MMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella[e]							VV
Human papillomavirus											HPV[27]
Influenza					IIV3[f]									IIV3
Tick-borne encephalitis								TBE[g]
^ For specific at risk-groups only (to be given at the earliest age)) ^ Thereafter Td booster every 10 years with or without vaccination against poliomyelitis (IPV) in case of travel to endemic areas and when previous IPV dose was given more than 5 years before ^ Recommended but not free of charge for those over 65 years. ^ Vaccination can be given from 6 months of age in case of travel abroad. If vaccination starts before 12 months of age, 2 doses are recommended (14–18 months and 6 years) The temporary recommendation of giving measles at 12 months of age was made a permanent recommendation; ie. now MMR should be given from 12–18 months except if travelling abroad to measles infected countries when it can be given from 6 months on. In case MMR is given at 6–11 months, the child needs a second and third dose to complete the series. ^ Varicella vaccination implemented from 1 September 2017. Catch-up to all those born on 1 January 2006 or after and with no history of varicella. ^ One or two doses administered depending on previous influenza vaccination history. Annual vaccination. IIV tri-or quadrivalent used as follows: IIV3 for all those 6–35 months. IIV4 with nonpreferential alternative to all those 24–35 months. IIV3 also recommended to medical risk group children from 36 months up. ^ TBE vaccination for to those living permanently on the island of Åland

History

1960: Mumps vaccinations for military recruits.

1975: Measles vaccination for 1 year old children.

1975: Rubella vaccination for 11–13 years old girls and seronegative mothers.

1982: Two doses of MMR vaccination at 14–18 months and 6 years of age were introduced in the national childhood vaccination programme.

2009: Rotavirus vaccine introduced at 2, 3 and 5 months to all children (September 2009)

2010: PCV introduced at 3, 5 and 12 months of age to all children (September 2010).

2013: HPV vaccination of girls introduced

2017: Varicella vaccination introduced (1 September 2017) at 18 months, 6 years + catch-up of all born from 1 January 2006 or after with no history of varicella.

2020: HPV vaccination of boys introduced^[28]

Vaccination Schedule for France

Infection	Months											Years
	0	1	2	4	6	11	12	13	15	16–18	23	2	5	6	11–13	25	45	65+
Tuberculosis	BCG†		BCG#
Diphtheria			D†	D†		D†								D†	D†	d†
Tetanus			TT†	TT†		TT†								TT†		TT†
Pertussis			acP†	acP†		acP†								acP†		acp†
Polio			IPV†	IPV†		IPV†								IPV†		IPV†
Haemophilus influenzae			Hib†	Hib†		Hib†
Hepatitis B	HepB†	HepB†	HepB†	HepB†	HepB†
Pneumococcus			PCV†	PCV†		PCV†
Meningococcus							MenC†
Measles					MEAS†					MEAS†
Mumps							MUMPS†			MUMPS†
Rubella							RUMBE†			RUMBE†
Human papillomavirus															HPV†
Influenza																		TIV†
Herpes Zoster																		HZ†
† General Recommendation   # Recommended for specific groups only.   ‡ Catch-up

In Germany, a vaccination schedule is developed by the Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO), which operates as part of the Robert Koch Institute. The recommendations are generally adopted by the Federal Joint Committee.

Vaccination Schedule for Germany

Infection	Weeks	Months								Years
	6	2	3	4	11	12	14	15	23	2	5–6	9	14	15	17	18–45	59	>60
Rotavirus	RV†	RV†	RV†
Diphtheria		D†	D†	D†	D†			D‡		d‡	d†	d†				d†
Tetanus		TT†	TT†	TT†	TT†			TT‡		TT‡	TT†	TT†				TT†
Pertussis		acP†	acP†	acP†	acP†			acP‡		acP‡	acp†	acp†				acp†
Polio		IPV†	IPV†	IPV†	IPV†			IPV‡		IPV‡		IPV†				IPV‡
Haemophilus influenzae		Hib†	Hib†	Hib†	Hib†			Hib‡		Hib‡
Hepatitis B		HepB†	HepB†	HepB†	HepB†			HepB‡		HepB‡
Pneumococcus		PCV†	PCV†	PCV†	PCV†			PCV‡			Pnc#							PPSV23†
Meningococcus						MenC†				MenC‡
Measles					MEAS†			MEAS†		MEAS‡						MEAS#
Mumps					MUMPS†			MUMPS†		MUMPS‡
Rubella					RUMBE†			RUMBE†		RUMBE‡
Varicella					VAR†			VAR†		VAR‡
Human papillomavirus												HPV†		HPV‡
Influenza																		TIV†
Tick-borne Encephalitis						TBE#
† General Recommendation   # Recommended for specific groups only.   ‡ Catch-up

In Hong Kong, Department of Health is responsible for providing free vaccinations from newborns up to primary school students.

In India, the standard vaccination schedule is recommended by the Indian Academy of Paediatrics(IAP).^[29] The latest schedule was the one given in 2016.^[30]

IAP Immunization Timetable: 2016^[30]

Infection	Birth	Months										Years
		1.5	2.5	3.5	6	9	9-12	12	15	16-18	18	2	4–6	10–12
Tuberculosis	BCG
Polio	OPV				OPV	OPV							OPV
Hepatitis B	HepB	HepB			HepB
Rotavirus		RV	RV	RV
Diphtheria		DTwP	DTwP	DTwP						DTwP			DTwP	Tdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae		HIB	HIB	HIB						HIB
Pneumococcus		PCV	PCV	PCV					PCV
Polio		IPV	IPV	IPV						IPV
Measles						MMR			MMR				MMR
Mumps
Rubella
Typhoid							TCV					TCV
Hepatitis A								HepA			HepA
Varicella									VV				VV
Human papillomavirus														HPV (girls)

Vaccination Schedule for Italy

Infection	Birth	Months					Years
		3	5–6	11	13	15	5–6	11–18	65+
Diphtheria		D†	D†	D†			D†	d†
Tetanus		TT†	TT†	TT†			TT†	TT†
Pertussis		acP†	acP†	acP†			acP†	acp†
Polio		IPV†	IPV†	IPV†			IPV†
Haemophilus influenzae		Hib†	Hib†	Hib†
Hepatitis B	HepB#	HepB†	HepB†	HepB†
Pneumococcus		PCV†	PCV†	PCV†
Meningococcus					MenC†			MenC‡
Measles					MEAS†		MEAS†	MEAS‡
Mumps					MUMPS†		MUMPS†	MUMPS‡
Rubella					RUMBE†		RUMBE†	RUMBE‡
Varicella								VAR†
Human papillomavirus								HPV†
Influenza									TIV†
† General Recommendation   # Recommended for specific groups only.   ‡ Catch-up

The vaccination schedule in Japan is defined and partially recommended by Immunization Act [ja] (Japanese: 予防接種法) and its related cabinet order [ja] (Japanese: 予防接種法施行令).^[14][15] By the combined laws, infections are categorized into two groups: Category A is recommended for vaccination to prevent pandemic whereas Category B is only for a personal care purpose.^[31] As of January 2020, fourteen infections are Category A diseases and two are Category B on the legal lists.^[14][15] The Act and the Order were enacted for mandatory vaccination in 1948 with punitive clauses, only the clauses were repealed in 1976 and eventually vaccination has become non-mandatory since 1994.^[32]

Japan Vaccine Schedule: January 2020^[14][15]

Infection	Act/ Order (Category)	Birth	Months							Years
			2	3	6	12	24	36	60	≧5[a]	7>[a]	7.5 (90 mo)	9	11	12[b]	13>	16[b]	60–64[c] & 65+
Diphtheria	Act (A)			DTaP-IPV										DT
Tetanus	Act (A)
Pertussis	Act (A)
Polio	Act (A)
Measles	Act (A)					MR (1st)				MR (2nd)
Rubella	Act (A)
Japanese encephalitis	Act (A)				Japanese encephalitis (1st)								Japanese encephalitis (2nd)
Tuberculosis	Act (A)	BCG
Haemophilus influenzae	Act (A)		Hib
Pneumococcus	Act (A)		Pneumococcal
	Order (B)																	Pneumococcal
Human papillomavirus	Act (A)														HPV vaccine
Smallpox	Order (A)	Not specified by the act or the order
Varicella	Order (A)					Varicella
Hepatitis B	Order (A)	Hep B
Influenza	Order (B)																	Flu
^ a b Vaccines for measles and rubella (MR vaccine) can be received anytime from 5 y/o before 7 y/o, AND the time should be also between one year and one day before the first day of schooling (quote: "五歳以上七歳未満の者であって、小学校就学の始期に達する日の一年前の日から当該始期に達する日の前日までの間にあるもの". ^ a b HPV for female students only. Vaccination can be started from the first day of school year within she turns 12, and until the last day of school year within she turns 16 (quote: "十二歳となる日の属する年度の初日から十六歳となる日の属する年度の末日までの間にある女子"). ^ Age 60–64 with certain diseases: heart, kidney or respitory failures, or with an immune-related disorder due to HIV infection.

Only in the legal term in Japan, citizens get old one day before their birthdays. If a person was born on January 1, 2020, and Immunization Act specifies vaccine against measles could be received from age 12 months to 24 months, vaccination shall be practiced between December 31, 2020, and December 31, 2021 (not between January 2021 and January 2022.)^[33][34] Some vaccinations are scheduled in line with the school year system, which starts from April 1 in Japan.^[35] As explained, those who born on April 1 and on April 2 get old legally on March 31 and April 1, respectively. Thus, these two people are in different school years and thereby they may take vaccines in different calendar years.

Legal age counting system in Japan^[33][34][35]

Recipients	Birth	Months							Years
		2	3	6	12	24	36	60	≧5[a]	7>[a]	7.5 (90 mo)	9	11	12[b]	13>	16[b]
Person A[c]	Dec 31, 2019	Feb 29, 2020[d]	Mar 30, 2020	Jun 30, 2020	Dec 30, 2020	Dec 30, 2021	Dec 30, 2022	Dec 30, 2024	Apr 1, 2025	Mar 31, 2026	Jun 30, 2027	Dec 30, 2028	Dec 30, 2030	Apr 1, 2031	Dec 29, 2032	Mar 31, 2036
Person B[c]	Jan 1, 2020	Feb 29, 2020[d]	Mar 31, 2020	Jun 30, 2020	Dec 31, 2020	Dec 31, 2021	Dec 31, 2022	Dec 31, 2024	Apr 1, 2025	Mar 31, 2026	Jun 30, 2027	Dec 31, 2028	Dec 31, 2030	Apr 1, 2031	Dec 30, 2032	Mar 31, 2036
Person C[c]	Apr 1, 2020	May 31, 2020	Jun 31, 2020	Sep 30, 2020	Mar 31, 2021	Mar 31, 2022	Mar 31, 2023	Mar 31, 2025	Apr 1, 2025	Mar 31, 2026	Sep 30, 2027	Mar 31, 2029	Mar 31, 2031	Apr 1, 2031	Mar 30, 2033	Mar 31, 2036
Person D[e]	Apr 2, 2020	Jun 1, 2020	Jul 1, 2020	Oct 1, 2020	Apr 1, 2021	Apr 1, 2022	Apr 1, 2023	Apr 1, 2025	Apr 1, 2026	Mar 31, 2027	Oct 1, 2027	Apr 1, 2029	Apr 1, 2031	Apr 1, 2032	Mar 31, 2033	Mar 31, 2037
^ a b Vaccines for measles and rubella (MR vaccine) can be received anytime from 5 y/o before 7 y/o, AND the time should be also between one year and one day before the first day of schooling (quote: "五歳以上七歳未満の者であって、小学校就学の始期に達する日の一年前の日から当該始期に達する日の前日までの間にあるもの". ^ a b HPV for female students only. Vaccination can be started from the first day of school year within she turns 12, and until the last day of school year within she turns 16 (quote: "十二歳となる日の属する年度の初日から十六歳となる日の属する年度の末日までの間にある女子"). ^ a b c Starts elementary schooling from April 1, 2026 ^ a b 2020 is a leap year. Person B socially turns 2 months old on March 1, 2004. In the legal term, however, Person B's 2-month birthday is the day before March 1, 2004. Thus, It shall be February 29, 2004. There are no February 30 or 31 in 2020. As a result Person A and Person B have the same 2-month birthday. ^ Starts elementary schooling from April 1, 2027

New Zealand Immunization Schedule: 1 October 2020^[36]

Infection	Gestation	Weeks	Months				Years
		6	3	5	12	15	4	11–12	45	65+
Rotavirus		RV	RV
Diphtheria	Tdap	DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib	DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib	DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib			DTaP-IPV	Tdap	Tdap	Tdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Polio
Hepatitis B
Haemophilus influenzae						Hib
Pneumococcus		PCV10		PCV10	PCV10
Measles					MMR	MMR
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella						VV		VV[a]
Human papillomavirus								HPV9
Herpes Zoster										HZ
Influenza	IIV									IIV (yearly)
^ Only if the person has not previously received the varicella vaccine or had a varicella infection

History

Major additions, replacements and removals from the New Zealand Immunization Schedule include:^[37]

1958: First Schedule: DTwP and DT

1961: Polio (OPV) added

1971: Measles, rubella and tetanus toxoid added

1979: Rubella changed to girls only

1988: HepB added

1990: MMR replaced measles and rubella

1994: HIB added; Td replaced tetanus toxoid

1996: DT dropped

1997: Influenza added

2000: DTaP replaced DTwP

2002: IPV replaced OPV

2006: MeNZB and Tdap added

2008: MeNZB dropped, PCV7 added, HPV4 added for females only

2011: PCV10 replaced PCV7

2014: RV5 added, PCV13 replaced PCV10

2017: HPV9 replaced HPV4 and extended to males, RV1 replaced RV5, PCV10 replaced PCV13, VV added.

2018: HZ added.

2020: Td dropped.

All recommended vaccines are provide free of charge by the Federal Ministry of Health.

Nigerian National Vaccination Schedule:^[38]

Infection	Birth	Months						Years
		2	3	4	6	9	18	4	5
Tuberculosis	BCG
Leprosy
Hepatitis B	HepB	5V		5V	5V
Diphtheria							DTP
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae
Polio	OPV	OPV	OPV	OPV			OPV	OPV
Pneumococcus		PCV	PCV	PCV		PCV
Meningococcus							MCV	MCV
Yellow fever						YF

Vaccination Schedule for Spain

Infection	Birth	Months					Years
		2	4	6	12	18	3–4	6	12	14	65+
Diphtheria		D†	D†	D†		D†		d†		d†	d†
Tetanus		TT†	TT†	TT†		TT†		TT†		TT†	TT†
Pertussis		acP†	acP†	acP†		acP†		acp†
Polio		IPV†	IPV†	IPV†		IPV†
Haemophilus influenzae		Hib†	Hib†	Hib†		Hib†
Hepatitis B	HepB†	HepB†	HepB†
Pneumococcus		PCV†	PCV†		PCV†						PPSV23†
Meningococcus		MenC†			MenC†				MenC†
Measles					MEAS†		MEAS†
Mumps					MUMPS†		MUMPS†
Rubella					RUMBE†		RUMBE†
Varicella									VAR†
Human papillomavirus									HPV†
Influenza											TIV†
† General Recommendation   # Recommended for specific groups only.   ‡ Catch-up

The United Kingdom childhood vaccination schedule is recommended by the Department of Health and National Health Service, and uses combination immunisations where available.

United Kingdom Vaccine Schedule: 2020^[39]

Infection	Months				Years
	2	3	4	12	2–10	3–4	12–13	13–15	16–18
Diphtheria	DTaP	DTaP	DTaP			DTaP		Td
Tetanus
Pertussis
Polio	IPV	IPV	IPV			IPV		IPV
Haemophilus influenzae	HIB	HIB	HIB	HIB
Meningococcus	MenB		MenB	MenB/C				MenACWY
Rotavirus	RV	RV
Pneumococcus		PCV		PCV
Hepatitis B	HepB	HepB	HepB
Measles				MMR		MMR
Mumps
Rubella
Influenza					LAIV
HPV							HPVx2

Some children may receive vaccines in addition to those listed in the table:

• BCG vaccine is given at birth to "children born in areas of the country where there are high numbers of TB cases" and "children whose parents or grandparents were born in a country with many cases of TB."^[39]
• Hepatitis B vaccine is given at birth to "babies born to mothers who have hepatitis B".^[39]
• The injected flu vaccine is offered annually to "children 6 months to 17 years old with long-term health conditions".^[39]

The five scheduled childhood tetanus vaccinations are thought to generally confer lifelong immunity; thus, no routine booster doses are given in adulthood. Those adults at risk of contaminated cuts (e.g., gardeners) may have booster tetanus vaccination every ten years.^[40] Pneumococcus vaccinations (pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine/PPV) are recommended for those over 65 and for people without a functional spleen (asplenia), either because the spleen has been removed or does not work properly.^[41] Flu vaccine is recommended for anyone who is aged 65 years and over, people with certain long-term medical conditions, health and social care professionals, pregnant women, and poultry workers.^[42] The shingles vaccine is recommended for those over 70.^[39] Additionally, pregnant women are advised to have the pertussis vaccine.^[43]

The most up-to-date schedules are available from CDC's National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. In the US, the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act requires all health-care providers to provide parents or patients with copies of Vaccine Information Statements before administering vaccines.^[44]

Vaccine Schedule for the United States: 2020^[45][46]

Infection	Birth	Months									Years
		1	2	4	6	9	12	15	18	19–23	2–3	4–6	7–10	11–12	13–15	16	17–18	19–26	27–49	50–64	65+
Hepatitis B	HepB†	HepB†		HepB‡	HepB†					HepB‡								HepB x2–3#
Rotavirus			RV†	RV†	RV†
Diphtheria			DTaP†	DTaP†	DTaP†	DTaP‡		DTaP†		DTaP‡		DTaP†	Tdap‡	Tdap†	Tdap‡			Td or Tdap (every 10 years)†
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae			Hib†	Hib†	Hib†	Hib‡	Hib†		Hib‡				Hib#					Hib x1–3#
Polio			IPV†	IPV†	IPV†					IPV‡		IPV†	IPV‡
Pneumococcus			PCV13†	PCV13†	PCV13†	PCV13‡	PCV13†		PCV13‡				PCV13#					PCV13#			PCV13§
											PPSV23#							PPSV23 x1–2#			PPSV23†
Influenza					IIV (yearly)†						IIV or LAIV (yearly)†
Measles					MMR#		MMR†		MMR‡			MMR†	MMR‡					MMR x1–2‡
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella							VAR†		VAR‡			VAR†	VAR‡					VAR x1–2‡		VAR 2x#
Hepatitis A					HepA#		HepA x2†				HepA‡							HepA x2–3#
Meningococcus			MenACWY#											MenACWY†	MenACWY‡	MenACWY†	MenACWY‡	MenACWY x1–2#
														MenB x2–3#
																	MenB§
Human papillomavirus													HPV#	HPV x2–3†	HPV‡			HPV‡	HPV§
Herpes Zoster																				RZV or ZVL†
† Range of recommended ages for everyone. See references for more details.   # Range of recommended ages for certain high-risk groups. See references for more details.   ‡ Range of recommended ages for catch-up immunization or for people who lack evidence of immunity (e.g., lack documentation of vaccination or have no evidence of prior infection).[a]   § Recommended vaccination based on shared clinical decision-making. ^ CDC provides more detailed information in catch-up immunizations.

The CDC recommends pregnant women receive some vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine a month or more before pregnancy. The Tdap vaccine (to help protect against whooping cough) is recommended during pregnancy. Other vaccines, like the flu shot, can be given before or during pregnancy, depending on whether or not it is flu season. Vaccination is safe right after giving birth, even while breastfeeding.^{[47][48][49][50]}

In 1900, the smallpox vaccine was the only one administered to children. By the early 1950s, children routinely received three vaccines, for protection against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and smallpox, and as many as five shots by two years of age.^[4] Since the mid-1980s, many vaccines have been added to the schedule. In 2009, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended vaccination against at least fourteen diseases. By two years of age, U.S. children receive as many as 24 vaccine injections, and might receive up to five shots during one visit to the doctor.^[4] The use of combination vaccine products means that, as of 2013^[update], the United Kingdom's immunization program consists of nine injections by the age of two, rather than 22 if vaccination for each disease was given as a separate injection.^[51]

• Vaccination policy
• Influenza vaccine
• H5N1 clinical trials
• 2009 flu pandemic vaccine
• COVID-19 vaccine

• International
  • UN World Health Organization. "Reported immunization schedule by regions/countries/antigens". World Health Organization. Archived from the original (CFM) on August 2, 2003. Retrieved 2010-05-07.
  • UN World Health Organization: "Immunization schedules by antigens". apps.who.int.
• Europe
  • Vaccine schedules in all countries of the European Union, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
  • United Kingdom
    • UK National Health Service. "The UK immunisation schedule". National Health Service. Retrieved 2006-11-03.
• USA
  • National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. "CDC National Immunization Program". (U.S.) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 2008-06-14.
  • CDC 2013 Recommended Immunizations for Children from Birth Through 6 Years Old