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Citroën Berlingo

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Doninvest Orion M)
"Peugeot Partner" redirects here. For Peugeot Partner Rapid, see Fiat Fiorino. For Peugeot e-Partner, see Citroën e-Berlingo.

Citroën Berlingo
2020 Citroën Berlingo XL
Overview
ManufacturerPSA Group (1996–2021)
Stellantis (2021–present)
Production1996–present
AssemblyVilla Bosch, Argentina (Sevel)
Poissy, France (PSA Poissy Plant)
Casablanca, Morocco (Somaca Casablanca Plant)[1]
Mangualde, Portugal (PSA Mangualde Plant)
Vigo, Spain (PSA Vigo Plant)
Akçalar, Turkey (Karsan)[2][3]
Barra de Carrasco, Uruguay (Oferol, Grand Berlingo)
Nepal: Hetauda (Himandotour motors)
Nysa, Poland (FSO)
Kaluga, Russia (PCMA Rus)
Kostanay, Kazakhstan (Saryarka AvtoProm)[4]
Body and chassis
ClassVan
Panel van
Pickup truck (Partner II)
Body style4/5-door panel van
5-door multi-purpose vehicle
2-door pickup truck (Partner II)
LayoutFront-engine, front-wheel-drive
Chronology
PredecessorCitroën C15
Peugeot 205 Panel Van
Peugeot 305 Panel Van
Opel/Vauxhall Combo

The Citroën Berlingo and Peugeot Partner are a range of vans produced since 1996 and marketed under the Citroën and Peugeot marques. They are sold as light commercial vehicles or as a passenger multi-purpose-vehicle variant with rear seats and windows. They were initially a product of the French PSA Group, which later became part of the multinational Stellantis conglomerate. The third generation has also been sold under the Opel and Vauxhall Motors marques as the Combo, by Toyota as the Proace City from 2019, and by Fiat as the Doblò from 2022.

The panel vans are available in passenger versions named the Berlingo Multispace and Partner Combi, Partner Tepee, and Peugeot Rifter for the third generation. In Italy, the first generation of the Partner was known as the Peugeot Ranch. They were initially based on the Citroën ZX/Peugeot 306 estate floorpan and mechanicals.

With their rectangular, box-like cargo space and aerodynamic front, conceptually they can be considered the descendants of the Citroën 2CV panel van (AK400). The new 2018 Citroën Berlingo and Peugeot Partner/Rifter also share their design with the new Vauxhall/Opel Combo, following GM's sale of Opel to PSA.

Both the Berlingo and Partner have been produced in CNG and electric versions and with four-cylinder petrol and diesel engines.

First generation (M49; 1996)

[edit]
First generation
Overview
Also calledPeugeot Partner
Peugeot Grand Raid (Mexico)
Peugeot Ranch (Italy)
Doninvest Orion M (Russia)
Production1996–2008 (Original versions, including Multispace)
2008–2013 (Peugeot Partner Origin, and Citroën Berlingo First)
1998–present (Argentina)
Model years1997–2013
1998–present (Argentina)
Body and chassis
Body style4/5-door panel van
5-door passenger van
Powertrain
EnginePetrol:
1.4 L TU3 I4
1.6 L TU5 I4
1.8 L XU7 JB / LFX I4
Diesel:
1.6 L DV6 I4 HDi
1.9 L DW8 I4
2.0 L DW10 HDi
Electric motor28 kW Leroy Somer Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (Berlingo Electrique)
Transmission5-speed manual
Battery162 V Saft NiCd battery
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,695 mm (106.1 in)
Length4,135 mm (162.8 in)
Width1,820 mm (72 in)
Height1,725 mm (67.9 in)

The Berlingo/Partner was officially launched in July 1996.[5]

When the Berlingo was first shown at the Mondial de l'Automobile (Paris Motor Show) in 1996, a set of three concept cars was also presented:

  • Berlingo Coupé de Plage
  • Berlingo Berline Bulle
  • Berlingo Grand Large

The Berline Bulle concept was a roomy small car, that could be considered as a precursor for the C3. Only one of these concepts was actually developed, the Grand Large version, which was developed into the Multispace and Combi people carriers/leisure vans.

Until 2010, the pre-facelift models were still produced in Argentina. The updated model finally arrived this year.[6]

  • Pre-facelift Citroën Berlingo
    Pre-facelift Citroën Berlingo
  • Pre-facelift Citroën Berlingo Multispace
    Pre-facelift Citroën Berlingo Multispace
  • Pre-facelift Citroën Berlingo Multispace
    Pre-facelift Citroën Berlingo Multispace
  • Pre-facelift Peugeot Partner van
    Pre-facelift Peugeot Partner van
  • Pre-facelift Peugeot Partner van (Rear)
    Pre-facelift Peugeot Partner van (Rear)

Facelift (M59; 2002)

[edit]

A revised version, featuring a new instrument cluster, as seen in the Peugeot 206, redesigned interior and front end, was released in September 2002 (Berlingo I / Partner I).

During 2004, there was a minor facelift, including changes to the grille and light clusters.

After the launch of the second generation Berlingo and Rifter, the first generation models stayed offered. They took the names "Citroën Berlingo First" and "Peugeot Partner Origin".

In 2010, the Citroën Berlingo First Electrique and the Peugeot Partner Origin Electric were launched. These two electric vans were powered by the Monégasque firm Venturi, which assembled them in Solesmes, Sarthe.[7]

In Argentina, Peugeot launched an off-road version of its Partner, called Partner Patagónica. This model had various names when it was sold across Europe in the 2000s, including Partner Ushuaïa Grand Raid, Partner Escapade, Partner Grande Escapade, Partner VTC, Partner Indiana, and others.

From 2013, the Berlingo and the Partner were discontinued in Europe. Both LCV and passenger versions continued their career in South America, where they are still produced years after.[8]

Passenger vans Berlingo Multispace and Partner Patagónica received an update in June 2021. More parts of both vehicles are now manufactured locally. It means they now have barn doors (already manufactured locally for LCV Berlingo and Partner), replacing their tailgate that was imported from Europe.[9][10]

The Berlingo and the Partner got a minor facelift in January 2023. The Berlingo adopted an updated Citroën logo (until there it still used the sharp logo from before 2009) and a new grille, in plastic.[11] The Partner adopted the same grille and lost the piece of chrome around its front logo.[12]

  • Facelifted Citroën Berlingo (2004–2012)
    Facelifted Citroën Berlingo (2004–2012)
  • Facelifted Citroën Berlingo (2004–2012)
    Facelifted Citroën Berlingo (2004–2012)
  • Citroën Berlingo Dangel (facelift, passenger model)
    Citroën Berlingo Dangel (facelift, passenger model)
  • Facelifted Peugeot Partner (2004–2012)
    Facelifted Peugeot Partner (2004–2012)
  • Facelifted Peugeot Partner (2004–2012)
    Facelifted Peugeot Partner (2004–2012)
  • Peugeot Partner Indiana (facelift)
    Peugeot Partner Indiana (facelift)
  • Interior
    Interior

Engines

[edit]

The vans were designed to be powered by petrol, diesel, electric, or CNG.

Capacity Engine Power Torque
1.4 L (1360 cc) TU3 I4 55 kW (75 PS; 74 hp) 121 N⋅m (89 lb⋅ft)
1.4 L GNV (1360 cc) TU3 I4 55 kW (75 PS; 74 hp) 121 N⋅m (89 lb⋅ft) CNG/Gasoline
1.6 L (1560 cc) DV6 HDi I4 55 kW (75 PS; 74 hp) – 68 kW (92 PS; 91 hp) 169 N⋅m (125 lb⋅ft) – 216 N⋅m (159 lb⋅ft)
1.6 L (1587 cc) TU5 I4 80 kW (109 PS; 107 hp) 147 N⋅m (108 lb⋅ft)
1.8 L (1761 cc) XU7 petrol injection I4 66 kW (90 PS; 89 hp) 147 N⋅m (108 lb⋅ft)
1.9 L (1905 cc) XUD IDI diesel I4 52 kW (71 PS; 70 hp) 120 N⋅m (89 lb⋅ft)
1.9 L (1868 cc) DW8 diesel I4 52 kW (71 PS; 70 hp) 127 N⋅m (94 lb⋅ft)
2.0 L (1997 cc) DW10 HDi I4 66 kW (90 PS; 89 hp) 205 N⋅m (151 lb⋅ft)
N/A Electrique 28 kW (38 PS; 38 hp) 180 N⋅m (133 lb⋅ft)

Electric version

[edit]

The first-generation Berlingo was available first with a nickel-cadmium battery (Citroën Berlingo Electrique) from 1998 to 2005. After that was discontinued, a small electric fleet was built for La Poste using the first-generation Berlingo chassis, equipped with a ZEBRA molten salt battery and a powertrain from Venturi Automobiles; this fleet was delivered in 2010.[13]

Second generation (B9; 2008)

[edit]
Second generation
Overview
Also calledPeugeot Partner
Opel Combo Cargo/Life (Russia, 2021–present)
Production2008–2018
2021–present (Russia)
Model years2009–2018
Body and chassis
Body style4/5-door panel van
5-door passenger van
2-door pickup truck (Partner)
PlatformPSA PF2 platform
Powertrain
EnginePetrol:
1.6 L TU5 JP 16v I4
Diesel:
1.6 L DV6 HDi I4
Electric motorPermanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (Berlingo Electrique)
Transmission5-speed manual
Battery22.5 kW-hr lithium-ion
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,728–2,730 mm (107.4–107.5 in)
Length4,379–4,628 mm (172.4–182.2 in)
Width1,810–2,112 mm (71.3–83.1 in)
Height1,805 mm (71.1 in)-1,840 mm (72 in)

Two different models replaced the first generation of the Peugeot Partner and Citroën Berlingo in 2008, a smaller vehicle (the Citroën Nemo/Peugeot Bipper, which also replaced recently discontinued Citroën C15 First) and larger (the Citroën Berlingo II/Peugeot Partner II).

The Berlingo II, styled by Gilles Vidal, used the PSA PF2 platform (like the Citroën C4), and therefore is slightly larger, and considerably more expensive than its predecessor.

The Berlingo and Partner were officially unveiled in January 2008, with the Berlingo launched first, in the European market, in April 2008,[5] followed by the Partner in May 2008.[5] Mexico sold this generation alongside the original Partner, as do a few other countries, as the Grand Raid and Partner Origin.[citation needed]

An electric version with a traction motor and battery derived from the Mitsubishi i-MiEV was available from 2013.[14] In March 2017, a five-seater Citroen e-Berlingo Multispace was announced.[15]

  • Rear view
    Rear view
  • Citroën Berlingo (2012 facelift)
    Citroën Berlingo (2012 facelift)
  • Citroën Berlingo X-TR Multispace (2012 facelift)
    Citroën Berlingo X-TR Multispace (2012 facelift)
  • Citroën Berlingo (2015 facelift)
    Citroën Berlingo (2015 facelift)
  • Citroën Berlingo Mountain Vibe Concept
    Citroën Berlingo Mountain Vibe Concept
  • Peugeot Partner (pre-facelift)
    Peugeot Partner (pre-facelift)
  • Peugeot Partner Tepee (pre-facelift)
    Peugeot Partner Tepee (pre-facelift)
  • Peugeot Partner (2012 facelift)
    Peugeot Partner (2012 facelift)
  • Peugeot Partner Tepee (2012 facelift)
    Peugeot Partner Tepee (2012 facelift)
  • Peugeot Partner (2015 facelift)
    Peugeot Partner (2015 facelift)
  • Peugeot Partner Tepee (2015 facelift)
    Peugeot Partner Tepee (2015 facelift)

Russia

[edit]
Opel Combo Cargo (Russia; side view)
Opel Combo Cargo (Russia; interior)

This generation is also manufactured and sold in Russia as the Peugeot Partner (and as the passenger oriented Peugeot Partner Crossway),[16] Citroën Berlingo (and Citroën Berlingo Multispace)[17] and exclusive Opel Combo Cargo (and Opel Combo Life)[18] since March 2021.

Engines

[edit]
Petrol engine
Model Engine Displace­ment Power Torque Note CO2 emission (g/km)
1.6i 16V I4 1587 cc 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) @5800 rpm 132 N⋅m (97 lb⋅ft) @2500 rpm 195
Diesel engine
Model Engine Displace­ment Power Torque Note CO2 emission (g/km)
1.6HDi 16V I4 1560 cc 75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp) @4000 rpm 185 N⋅m (136 lb⋅ft) @1750 rpm 149
1.6HDi 16V I4 1560 cc 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) @4000 rpm 215 N⋅m (159 lb⋅ft) @1750 rpm 149
1.6HDi 16V I4 1560 cc 110 PS (81 kW; 108 hp) @4000 rpm 240 N⋅m (177 lb⋅ft) @1750 rpm 140
1.6 BlueHDi 8V I4 1560 cc 75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp) BVM5 113
1.6 BlueHDi 8V I4 1560 cc 100 PS (74 kW; 99 hp) BVM5 113
1.6 BlueHDi 8V I4 1560 cc 120 PS (88 kW; 118 hp) 300 N⋅m (221 lbf⋅ft) BVM6 113
Electric engine
Model Engine Power Torque Note CO2 emission (g/km)
Berlingo Electric 49 kW (66 hp; 67 PS) 200 N⋅m (148 lb⋅ft) 0

Third generation (K9; 2018)

[edit]
Third generation
Citroën Berlingo
Overview
Model codeK9 / EK9[19]
Also called
  • Peugeot Partner / Rifter
  • Opel Combo
  • Vauxhall Combo (United Kingdom)
  • Toyota Proace City (2019–present)
  • Fiat Doblò (2022–present)
Production2018–present
Assembly
Body and chassis
Body style4/5-door panel van
5-door passenger van
PlatformPSA EMP2
Powertrain
Engine
Electric motor136 PS (100 kW; 134 hp) PMSM (electric versions)
Transmission5-6-speed manual
8-speed automatic EAT8
Battery50 kWh lithium-ion (electric versions)
Electric range330km WLTP (Toyota Proace City Electric)
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,785–2,975 mm (109.6–117.1 in)
Length4,403–4,753 mm (173.3–187.1 in)
Width1,848 mm (72.8 in)
Height1,796–1,860 mm (70.7–73.2 in)

The third generation Berlingo and a new Peugeot Rifter was officially unveiled at the 2018 Geneva Auto Show. The model is also sold as the fourth generation Opel and Vauxhall Combo after the PSA Group bought Opel in March 2017 and, from the end of 2019, as the Toyota Proace City, following the extension of the partnership in utility vehicles between PSA and Toyota. The Proace City was officially unveiled at the 2019 Commercial Vehicle Show in Birmingham.[22][23] The Fiat-badged version was released as the Fiat Doblò in June 2022 in both ICE and e-Doblò electric version.[24]

The third generation Berlingo is the first of the nameplate to be launched in Japan, in October 2019.[25]

In January 2022, Stellantis stops marketing the internal combustion versions (diesel and gasoline) of its passenger vans in United Kingdom, Norway and European Union countries.[26] This decision is motivated by a decision to reduce the average CO2 emissions of vehicles marketed by the company in Europe in accordance with EU regulations on emissions. As a result, the Berlingo, Rifter and Combo Life are now only offered in their battery electric version. Panel vans are not affected by this change, nor are Toyota-badged models, as the Japanese manufacturer is in line with the objectives of the CAFE regulations. The internal combustion variants of the Stellantis passenger vans are expected to return in 2023 with a mild-hybrid system.[27]

Electric versions

[edit]
Main article: Citroën e-Berlingo

On 14 January 2021, Citroën unveiled the electric ë-Berlingo Van,[28] which was followed 6 days later by the Opel Combo-e Cargo and the Vauxhall Combo-e,[29][30] and again 6 days later by the Peugeot e-Partner.[31] On 26 February 2021 Peugeot introduced e-Rifter,[32] and on 4 May 2021, Toyota unveiled Proace City Electric and Proace City Verso Electric.[33]

In 2023, production began at the Ellesmere Port factory.[34]

Variants

[edit]

Caselani Fourgonnette

[edit]

Inspired by the 1951 Citroën 2CV Fourgonnette, it is a retro-bodied Berlingo coach-built by the Italian firm Caselani, with production of the 200 units starting on 1 October 2022.[35][36] It was unveiled at the 2022 Paris Motor Show.[37]

Commercial versions

[edit]
  • Citroën Berlingo van, note that it has a different front end design than the passenger version
    Citroën Berlingo van, note that it has a different front end design than the passenger version
  • Citroën Berlingo van (rear)
    Citroën Berlingo van (rear)
  • Fiat Doblò
    Fiat Doblò
  • Peugeot Partner
    Peugeot Partner
  • Vauxhall Combo
    Vauxhall Combo
  • Toyota Proace City
    Toyota Proace City

Passenger versions

[edit]
  • Citroën Berlingo
    Citroën Berlingo
  • Citroën Berlingo XL
    Citroën Berlingo XL
  • Citroën Berlingo XL
    Citroën Berlingo XL
  • Citroën ë-Berlingo
    Citroën ë-Berlingo
  • Fiat E-Doblò
    Fiat E-Doblò
  • Peugeot Rifter
    Peugeot Rifter
  • Opel Combo Life
    Opel Combo Life
  • Vauxhall Combo Life
    Vauxhall Combo Life
  • Toyota Proace City Verso
    Toyota Proace City Verso
  • Interior (Peugeot Rifter) with the Peugeot iCockpit design
    Interior (Peugeot Rifter) with the Peugeot iCockpit design
  • Interior (Citroën Berlingo)
    Interior (Citroën Berlingo)
  • Interior (Opel Combo Life)
    Interior (Opel Combo Life)

Facelift

[edit]

A facelift was revealed on 23 October 2023, introducing technological updates.[38][39] Mild hybrid combustion models are launched with the passenger variants on all markets, after a brief hiatus.[40]

  • Citroën Berlingo (facelift)
    Citroën Berlingo (facelift)
  • Fiat Doblò (facelift)
    Fiat Doblò (facelift)
  • Opel Combo (facelift)
    Opel Combo (facelift)
  • Peugeot Rifter (facelift)
    Peugeot Rifter (facelift)
  • Toyota Proace City (facelift)
    Toyota Proace City (facelift)
  • Toyota Proace City Verso (facelift)
    Toyota Proace City Verso (facelift)

Worldwide sales and production

[edit]
Year Worldwide production Worldwide sales Notes
Berlingo Partner Berlingo Partner
2008 TBA TBA TBA 147,600[41]
2009 TBA 120,500[42] TBA 133,300[41]
2010 TBA 164,600[42] TBA 160,200[42]
2011 164,162[5] 167,368[5] 165,807[5] 165,240[5] Total Berlingo production reached 2,448,214 units.
Total Partner production reached 1,964,054 units.[5]
2012 136,800[43] 142,300[43] 139,800[43] 149,800[43] Total Berlingo production reached 2,585,000 units.
Total Partner production reached 2,106,300 units.[43]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Somaca Casablanca". Somaca.e-monsite.com. Archived from the original on 20 May 2015. Retrieved 4 December 2010.
  2. ^ "Akçalar Fabrikası" (in Turkish). Karsan. 2010. Archived from the original on 7 July 2010. Retrieved 1 December 2010.
  3. ^ "Peugeot Karsan in Turkey". auto-world.com. 2007. Archived from the original on 22 May 2013. Retrieved 1 December 2010.
  4. ^ Marcus Williams (17 December 2014). "Automotive Logistics – Peugeot to start CKD assembly in Kazakhstan with Allur Group". new.automotivelogistics.media. Archived from the original on 7 June 2021.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h "PSA Annual Report 2012" (PDF). Car manufacturers. PSA. Retrieved 4 April 2013.[permanent dead link‍]
  6. ^ "Lanzamiento: Citroën Berlingo 2010". ARGENTINA AUTOBLOG (in Spanish). 5 April 2010. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  7. ^ "Venturi a livré 250 véhicules électriques à La Poste". Autonews (in French). 23 June 2011. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  8. ^ "¡Alucina!: el primer Citroën Berlingo sigue a la venta". Motor1.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  9. ^ "Highlanders: cambios en las Peugeot Partner y Citroën Berlingo para mantenerlas en producción en Argentina". ARGENTINA AUTOBLOG (in Spanish). 18 May 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
  10. ^ "Lanzamiento: Citroën Berlingo Multispace y Peugeot Partner Patagónica (2021)". ARGENTINA AUTOBLOG (in Spanish). 7 June 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
  11. ^ "Lanzamiento: Citroën Berlingo Furgón (2023)". Motor1.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  12. ^ "Lanzamiento: Peugeot Partner Confort (2023)". Motor1.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 January 2023.
  13. ^ "CITROËN BERLINGO First Electric "Powered by Venturi" for La Poste". Electric Vehicle News. 22 December 2009.
  14. ^ Flynn, Malcolm (12 September 2012). "PSA Unveils EV Versions Of Citroen Berlingo And Peugeot Partner Twins". Drive (Australia). Retrieved 22 November 2022.
  15. ^ James Brodie (21 March 2017). "New all-electric Citroen E-Berlingo Multispace unveiled". Auto Express.
  16. ^ "PEUGEOT PARTNER CROSSWAY: O COMERCIAL LEVE FRANCÊS DE GERAÇÃO ANTERIOR SEGUE FIRME NA RÚSSIA". Planetz CarsZ. 19 March 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
  17. ^ "Старый Citroen Berlingo пропишется в России вслед за "Партнером"". Motor1.com (in Russian). Retrieved 7 May 2021.
  18. ^ "Opel Combo Cargo — брат Партнера и Berlingo на российском рынке". autoreview.ru (in Russian). 2 March 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
  19. ^ https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/features/range-rover-qashqai-mini-motoring-greats-britain-builds
  20. ^ "Citroen Berlingo - because not everybody wants an SUV". Just Auto. 15 April 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2022.
  21. ^ "PSA increases van production in Portugal". Automotive News Europe. 19 January 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2022.
  22. ^ Barzic, Gwénaëlle (22 November 2018). "PSA et Toyota vont recentrer leur alliance sur les utilitaires". L'Usine Nouvelle (in French).
  23. ^ "World debut for new Toyota Proace City compact van". Toyota. 2 April 2019. Archived from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
  24. ^ Pappas, Thanos (7 June 2022). "New Fiat Doblò And e-Doblò Go Down The Rebadging Route". Carscoops. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  25. ^ "Lifestyle-oriented French cars gain popularity in Japan | FURUNO ITS Journal | FURUNO". www.furuno.com. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  26. ^ "CITROËN CONCENTRE SON OFFRE DE VEHICULES PARTICULIERS SUR Ë-BERLINGO ET Ë-SPACETOURER POUR ACCELERER L'ELECTRIFICATION DE SA GAMME". www.media.stellantis.com (in French). Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  27. ^ San Vicente, Robin (5 January 2022). "Fin des ludospaces thermiques chez Citroën, Opel et Peugeot". www.largus.fr. Archived from the original on 4 January 2022. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  28. ^ "Citroën poursuit le processus d'électrification de sa gamme d'utilitaires légers avec l'ë-Berlingo Van". CCFA | Comité des Constructeurs Français d'Automobiles. Archived from the original on 28 July 2022. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
  29. ^ "E-Mobilität ohne Kompromisse: Der neue Opel Combo-e Cargo | Medien OPEL Allemagne". de-media.opel.com. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  30. ^ "VAUXHALL REVEALS ALL-NEW COMBO-E | Media Vauxhall UK". gb-media.vauxhall.co.uk. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  31. ^ "Peugeot dévoile le e-Partner, son nouvel utilitaire électrique (2021)". Auto Journal (in French). 26 January 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
  32. ^ "Nouveau Peugeot e-Rifter électrique : le Partner des familles". Automobile Propre (in French). 16 February 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
  33. ^ "Toyota PROACE CITY Electric : une efficacité sans concession et zéro émission". Toyota PROACE CITY Electric : une efficacité sans concession et zéro émission (in French). Retrieved 7 May 2021.
  34. ^ Jolly, Jasper (7 September 2023). "Plugging into the future: electric van production begins at Ellesmere Port". The Guardian.
  35. ^ "Essai Caselani Fourgonnette. Quand le rétro fait du bien au Citroën Berlingo !". www.largus.fr. 18 November 2022.
  36. ^ Bell, Sebastien (23 September 2022). "Citroen Partners With Caselani To Turn Berlingo Into A Modern 2CV Van". Carscoops.
  37. ^ "L'argus à bord de la fourgonnette Caselani sur base de Berlingo". www.largus.fr. 17 October 2022.
  38. ^ Pappas, Thanos (9 November 2023). "2024 Opel Combo Facelift Debuts With Electric, Petrol, And Diesel Options". Carscoops.
  39. ^ "Stellantis upgrades electric van line-up". Autocar. 24 October 2023.
  40. ^ Peter Sigal (27 May 2024). "Citroen CEO says sales goal in sight with new model launches". Automotive News Europe. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
  41. ^ a b "PSA". PSA-Peugeot-Citroen.com. 30 June 2010. Archived from the original on 6 December 2010. Retrieved 4 December 2010.
  42. ^ a b c "Engine specs from PSA Peugeot Citroën" (PDF). Creator and designer. PSA Peugeot Citroën. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 June 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
  43. ^ a b c d e Memento Mars 2013 (in French), PSA Peugeot Citroën, 21 February 2013, p. 50, archived from the original on 11 March 2013
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