Bottle Creek Indian Mounds

Bottle Creek Indian Mounds
1 BA 2

Bottle Creek Mounds and related Mississippian sites
Location within Alabama today
Location	Stockton, Alabama, Baldwin County, Alabama,  USA
Region	Baldwin County, Alabama
Coordinates	31°0′31.69″N 87°56′26.04″W / 31.0088028°N 87.9405667°W / 31.0088028; -87.9405667
History
Founded	1250
Abandoned	1550
Cultures	Pensacola culture
Site notes
Excavation dates	1932
Archaeologists	David L. DeJarnette
Architecture
Architectural styles	platform mound
Architectural details	Number of temples:
Bottle Creek Site
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark
NRHP reference No.	74000398
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	December 2, 1974[1]
Designated NHL	April 19, 1994[2]

Bottle Creek Indian Mounds (1BA2) is an archaeological site owned and monitored by the Alabama Historical Commission located on a low swampy island within the Mobile-Tensaw River Delta north of Mobile, Alabama, United States. It was occupied by the peoples of the Pensacola culture, a regional Mississippian culture variant, and is the largest site of the Mississippian culture on the central Gulf Coast. It is important to understanding the history and culture of the Mobile-Tensaw delta in late prehistoric times and was designated as a National Historic Landmark^[2] on March 10, 1995, making it one of only two such sites in Alabama (alongside Moundville Archeological Park).

The site was occupied between 1250 and 1550, and served as the focal point for interaction with other Mississippian culture areas along the coast and the interior of the Southeastern United States. It is located on Mound Island in the Mobile-Tensaw River Delta, north of present-day Mobile, and includes 18 platform mounds, the tallest being roughly 45 feet (14 m) high. Five of those eighteen mounds are arranged around the central plaza. It was the largest Mississippian chiefdom on the north-central Gulf Coast. It is difficult to reach by foot; however, it would have been easily accessed by dugout canoes, the primary mode of transportation of the peoples in the region. It lies near the confluence of the Tombigbee and Alabama rivers. The streams become a maze of branches and bayous at the head of Mobile Bay. The site was a ceremonial center for the Pensacola people, as well as a social, political, religious, and trade center for the Mobile Delta region and the central Gulf Coast.^[2]

Bottle Creek site was first mapped in the 1880s, but its location in the middle of the delta, completely surrounded by swamp and hidden by immense cypress trees, made it inaccessible. This protected it from most of the plundering that occurred at similar sites in the Southeast. It was a ceremonial center for the Pensacola people and served as a gateway to their society despite its seemingly remote location. It was first professionally investigated in 1932 when David L. DeJarnette, of the Alabama Museum of Natural History, began his work there to determine if the site had a cultural relationship with Moundville, connected to the north by a river system. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.^[2]

Due to their remote location, the site is only accessible to visitors via watercraft tours that depart from Stockton, Alabama. Tours depart daily and take about 4 hours by boat and 6–8 hours by canoe or kayak. Trips consist of a trip to and from Mound Island and interpretive discussions about the Mississippian culture peoples that lived at Bottle Creek, including their sport, food, culture and a visit to the top of the largest mound.^[3]

• List of National Historic Landmarks in Alabama

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bottle Creek Indian Mounds.

• University of South Alabama Archaeology - Bottle Creek
• Alabama Indigenous Mound Trail - Bottle Creek Site