Albert Rowe (physicist)

Albert Percival Rowe, CBE (23 March 1898 – 25 May 1976), often known as Jimmy Rowe or A. P. Rowe, was a radar pioneer and university vice-chancellor. A British physicist and senior research administrator, he played a major role in the development of radar before and during World War II.^[1]

Rowe was born in Launceston, Cornwall, and after attending the Portsmouth Naval Dockyard School, he studied physics at the Royal College of Science, University of London, graduating with a first-class honours in 1921, and postgraduate diploma in air navigation in 1922. On 18 June 1932 at Beckenham, Kent, he married Mary Gordon Mathews, a solicitor.^[1]

In the Air Ministry, Rowe read everything that he could find on the art of air defence, and became alarmed. Working at that time for Harry Wimperis, he wrote a memo to him that concluded that "we were likely to lose the war if it starts within the next ten years".^{[citation needed]} Wimperis took the report seriously, and in 1934, he started the formation of what later became known as the Tizard Committee, which supported the early development of radio-based detection.

It was Robert Watson Watt who coined the acronym RDF, which was "a code-name intended to have no identification", as he put it in his nemirandom AIR 2/4487). Soon afterward, the American term "radar" was adopted. In 1937, Rowe had succeeded Robert Watson-Watt as Superintendent of the Bawdsey Research Station, where the Chain Home RDF system was developed, and in 1938–1945, he was the Chief Superintendent of the Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE), which carried out pioneering research on microwave radar. He was appointed a CBE in 1942.^[1]

E. H. Putley describes Rowe as a complex character with a strong sense of mission, so, difficult to live with.^[2] However, Putley supports Rowe's decisions in giving priority, and most of TRE's resources, to the completion of the Chain Home and Chain Home Low systems in 1938–39, and also continuing research in 1940 on developing aircraft interception (AI) radar and centimetric radar with the cavity magnetron. Despite some opposition from RAF Bomber Command, who thought that the project would not produce large-scale results, Rowe, assisted by Alec Reeves, also led in the development of the Oboe navigation system and the ground-scanning H2S radar.^[3]

In 1946, Rowe moved to Australia as chief scientific officer for the British rocket programme. The following year, he was appointed scientific adviser to the Australian Department of Defence, and on 1 May 1948 he became, by invitation, the first full-time vice-chancellor of the University of Adelaide, a position he held until his retirement in 1958.^[1]

He returned to England, living in Malvern, Worcestershire until his death on 25 May 1976. He was survived by his wife; they had no children.^[1]

• Bowen, E. G.: Radar Days (1987, Inst. of Physics Publishing) Bowen, E. G. (January 1998). 1998 pbk reprint. CRC Press. ISBN 0-7503-0586-X.
• Lovell, Sir Bernard: Echoes of War; The Story of H2S Radar (1991, Adam Hilger)
• Rowe, A. P.: One Story of Radar (1948, Cambridge U. Press) Rowe, A. P. (2 April 2015). 2015 pbk reprint. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-49479-4.