Cape Reinga
Cape Reinga / Te Rerenga Wairua
Te Rerenga Wairua (Māori) | |
|---|---|
 | |
  Cape Reinga | |
| Coordinates: 34°25′44″S 172°40′50″E / 34.4288°S 172.6805°E | |
| Location | Northland, New Zealand |
| Offshore water bodies | Tasman Sea |
| Native name | Te Rerenga Wairua (Māori) |
Cape Reinga (/ˈreɪŋə/; sometimes spelled Rēinga, Māori: Te Rerenga Wairua), and officially Cape Reinga / Te Rerenga Wairua,[1] is the northwestern most tip of the Ngatikuri peninsula, at the northern end of the North Island of New Zealand. Cape Reinga is more than 100 km north of the nearest small town of Kaitaia.
In Māori, Te Rerenga Wairua means the leaping-off place of spirits.[2] Reinga is the Māori word for underworld.[3] Both refer to the Māori belief that the cape is the point where the spirits of the dead enter the underworld.
Cape Reinga is on the tentative list of UNESCO waiting to receive World Heritage Site status.[4] As of 2007[update], the cape is already a favourite tourist attraction, with over 120,000 visitors a year and around 1,300 cars arriving per day during peak season. Visitor numbers are growing by about five percent a year, and the increase is likely to become even more now that the road to the cape is fully sealed.[5]
Geography
[edit]
Cape Reinga is generally considered the separation marker between the Tasman Sea to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east. From the lighthouse it is possible to watch the tidal race, as the two seas clash to create unsettled waters just off the coast. The Māori refer to this as the meeting of Te Moana-a-Rehua, 'the sea of Rehua' with Te Tai-o-Whitirea, 'the sea of Whitirea', Rehua and Whitirea being a male and a female respectively.[2]
The cape is often mistakenly thought of as being the northernmost point of the North Island, and thus, of mainland New Zealand. However, North Cape's Surville Cliffs, 30 km east of Cape Reinga are 3 km further north. Another headland just to the west of Cape Reinga is Cape Maria van Diemen, which was named by the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman during his journey in 1642 and thought of by him to be the northernmost point of the newly discovered country he named 'Staten Landt'.
Access
[edit]Cape Reinga is more than 100 km north of the nearest small town of Kaitaia. State Highway 1 extends all the way to the cape, but until 2010 was unsealed gravel road for the last 19 km.[6] Suitable vehicles can also travel much of the way via Ninety Mile Beach and Kauaeparaoa Stream (Te Paki Stream) stream bed.
The cape is also the northern terminus of the Te Araroa hiking trail.
Māori mythology
[edit]According to mythology, the spirits of the dead travel to Cape Reinga on their journey to the afterlife to leap off the headland and climb the roots of the 800-year-old pōhutukawa tree and descend to the underworld to return to their traditional homeland of Hawaiki, using the Te Ara Wairua, the 'Spirits' pathway'. At Cape Reinga they depart the mainland. They turn briefly at the Three Kings Islands for one last look back towards the land, then continue on their journey.[2]
A spring in the hillside, Te Waiora-a-Tāne (the 'Living waters of Tāne'), also played an important role in Māori ceremonial burials, representing a spiritual cleansing of the spirits, with water of the same name used in burial rites all over New Zealand. This significance lasted until the local population mostly converted to Christianity, and the spring was capped with a reservoir, with little protest from the mostly converted population of the area. However, the spring soon disappeared and only reappeared at the bottom of the cliff, making the reservoir useless.[2]
Restoration
[edit]
In 2007 protests by Māori and increased tourist numbers led the Department of Conservation to announce that the public carpark and toilet facilities, which intrude on traditionally sacred ground, would be moved further away from the cape and extended, at a cost of NZ$6.5 million (for details, see external links below).[6] The road to the cape, one of the last stretches of State Highway 1, was sealed following three years of work and include extensive roadside revegetation with over 150,000 plants to prevent erosion.[5] In March 2009, the works on the visitor facilities were completed.[7]
Climate
[edit]Cape Reinga has a very mild oceanic climate (Cfb) with high precipitation and little temperature difference between the seasons.
| Climate data for Cape Reinga (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 21.9 (71.4) |
22.9 (73.2) |
21.7 (71.1) |
19.9 (67.8) |
17.6 (63.7) |
15.5 (59.9) |
14.7 (58.5) |
14.8 (58.6) |
15.6 (60.1) |
16.9 (62.4) |
18.1 (64.6) |
20.1 (68.2) |
18.3 (65.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 18.9 (66.0) |
19.8 (67.6) |
18.9 (66.0) |
17.4 (63.3) |
15.4 (59.7) |
13.4 (56.1) |
12.6 (54.7) |
12.6 (54.7) |
13.3 (55.9) |
14.3 (57.7) |
15.4 (59.7) |
17.4 (63.3) |
15.8 (60.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 15.9 (60.6) |
16.8 (62.2) |
16.1 (61.0) |
14.8 (58.6) |
13.2 (55.8) |
11.4 (52.5) |
10.5 (50.9) |
10.3 (50.5) |
10.9 (51.6) |
11.8 (53.2) |
12.7 (54.9) |
14.6 (58.3) |
13.3 (55.8) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 58.0 (2.28) |
64.6 (2.54) |
55.7 (2.19) |
108.6 (4.28) |
95.5 (3.76) |
103.1 (4.06) |
128.4 (5.06) |
95.3 (3.75) |
84.5 (3.33) |
61.1 (2.41) |
57.2 (2.25) |
75.5 (2.97) |
987.5 (38.88) |
| Source: NIWA[8] | |||||||||||||
Lighthouse
[edit]The lighthouse at Cape Reinga was built in 1941 and first lit during May of that year, replacing a lighthouse located on nearby Motuopao Island, which had been built 1879. In 1987, the lighthouse was fully automated and the lighthouse keepers were withdrawn. The previous 1000 watt light and its revolving Fresnel lens have since been replaced with a tiny 50 watt flashing beacon, lodged in their place in the huge lantern.
References
[edit]- ^ "Deed Of Settlement, Ngati Kuri and the Crown" (PDF). www.ngatikuri.iwi.nz. 9 September 2015. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
- ^ a b c d MITCALFE, BARRY (June 1961). "TE RERENGA WAIRUA - LEAPING PLACE OF THE SPIRITS". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Te Ao Hou. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
- ^ "Cape Reinga/Te Rerenga Wairua heritage". www.doc.govt.nz. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
- ^ All Tentative Sites[dead link] (from the World Heritage Site website)
- ^ a b Gee, Tony (3 September 2007). "Three-year Cape Reinga road upgrade under way". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 23 September 2011.
- ^ a b Gee, Tony (23 August 2007). "Cape Reinga improvements to restore mana of spirits' highway". NZ Herald. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
- ^ "SH1 Cape Reinga, Project Newsletter 5, July 2009" (PDF). NZ Transport Agency. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 May 2010. Retrieved 10 February 2010.
- ^ "CliFlo – National Climate Database : Cape Reinga Aws". NIWA. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
External links
[edit]- Cape Reinga (from the New Zealand Department of Conservation (DOC) website)
- Cape Reinga (from Eske Family Trust website, see the Maori Mythology explanation)
