Khan Shakir Ali Khan: Difference between revisions
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'''Khan Shakir Ali Khan''' (b. 1904, d. 1978), popularly known as '''''Sher-e-Bhopal''''', was an [[India]]n politician, freedom fighter, trade unionist and journalist.<ref name="a">{{cite book|title=Madhya Pradesh Who's Who, 1975-76: Eminent Individuals Listed Professionwise|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=gNJWAAAAMAAJ|year=1976|publisher=New Era Publications|page=171}}</ref><ref name="c">ummid.com. ''[http://www.ummid.com/news/2011/May/20.05.2011/exhibition_in_bhopal_freedom_fighter.htm Exhibition in Bhopal on life & work of freedom fighter Khan Shakir Ali Khan]''</ref> |
'''Khan Shakir Ali Khan''' (b. 1904, d. 1978), popularly known as '''''Sher-e-Bhopal''''', was an [[India]]n politician, freedom fighter, trade unionist and journalist.<ref name="a">{{cite book|title=Madhya Pradesh Who's Who, 1975-76: Eminent Individuals Listed Professionwise|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=gNJWAAAAMAAJ|year=1976|publisher=New Era Publications|page=171}}</ref><ref name="c">ummid.com. ''[http://www.ummid.com/news/2011/May/20.05.2011/exhibition_in_bhopal_freedom_fighter.htm Exhibition in Bhopal on life & work of freedom fighter Khan Shakir Ali Khan]''</ref> A leader of the labour movement in [[Bhopal]], Khan led the struggles for the integration of [[Bhopal State]] with India. After Independence he served four tenures as state legislator, representing the [[Communist Party of India. |
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==Early career== |
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Khan was an active [[Urdu]] journalist. Around 1926-1927 he worked at the Delhi-based ''Rayasat'' and the Calcutta-based ''Hind''.<ref name="a"/> He worked a ''naik'' at the Sultania Infantry of Bhopal, and later as a ryotwarri moharrir in the administration of the Nawab of Bhopal.<ref name="d"/> He was well-versed in [[Persian language]].<ref name="e"/> |
Khan was an active [[Urdu]] journalist. Around 1926-1927 he worked at the Delhi-based ''Rayasat'' and the Calcutta-based ''Hind''.<ref name="a"/> He worked a ''naik'' at the Sultania Infantry of Bhopal, and later as a ryotwarri moharrir in the administration of the Nawab of Bhopal.<ref name="d"/> He was well-versed in [[Persian language]].<ref name="e"/> |
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Khan was active in the struggle against the monarchy in the [[Bhopal State]], and was imprisoned on several occasions.<ref name="a"/> He was fired from his government job in 1932, following which he started to become known for his opposition activities.<ref name="d">{{cite book|author1=Shiri Ram Bakshi|author2=S.R. Bakshi And O.P. Ralhan|title=Madhya Pradesh Through the Ages|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ZZKOBF2ST-0C&pg=PA423|year=2008|publisher=Sarup & Sons|isbn=978-81-7625-806-7|pages=423–424, 437 440}}</ref> In 1933 he founded the Anjuman Khuddam-e-Watan (League of Servants of Fatherland), serving as its secretary.<ref name="a"/><ref name="d"/> The organization had a parochial character, arguing for the rights of the Bhopali population against the rule of Punjabi Muslims.<ref name="d"/> |
Khan was active in the struggle against the monarchy in the [[Bhopal State]], and was imprisoned on several occasions.<ref name="a"/> He was fired from his government job in 1932, following which he started to become known for his opposition activities.<ref name="d">{{cite book|author1=Shiri Ram Bakshi|author2=S.R. Bakshi And O.P. Ralhan|title=Madhya Pradesh Through the Ages|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ZZKOBF2ST-0C&pg=PA423|year=2008|publisher=Sarup & Sons|isbn=978-81-7625-806-7|pages=423–424, 437 440}}</ref> In 1933 he founded the Anjuman Khuddam-e-Watan (League of Servants of Fatherland), serving as its secretary.<ref name="a"/><ref name="d"/> The organization had a parochial character, arguing for the rights of the Bhopali population against the rule of Punjabi Muslims.<ref name="d"/> |
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==Struggle against Nawab rule== |
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Between 1934 and 1949 he worked at a number of different Urdu newspapers.<ref name="a"/> The publications that he was linked to in Bhopal were frequently banned by the Nawab's government.<ref name="c"/> He set up various [[trade union]]s at mills and factories in Bhopal.<ref name="a"/><ref name="c"/> Together with Tarzi Mashriqi (president of Anjuman Khuddam-e-Watan) he founded the newspaper ''Sabah-e-Watan'' in 1934.<ref name="d"/> Serving as its editor, he was jailed in the same year for having published a cartoon mocking the Bhopal judiciary.<ref name="b"/> He was sentenced to two months imprisonment for contempt of court.<ref name="d"/> The arrest provoked popular protests and after seventeen days the government decided to release him.<ref name="b">''The New Indian Express''. ''[http://www.newindianexpress.com/opinion/article182097.ece?service=print Bhopal gas tragedy and the forgotten crusader]''</ref> Together with trade union leaders, he founded the Praja Mandal in 1938.<ref name="c"/><ref name="d"/> He was the president of Praja Mandal, but soon resigned from the post. Khan was jailed for eight months. After his release he was again arrested. He was prosecuted under the [[Defense of India Rules]] and sentenced to two years imprisonment. He was jailed at Sehore jail.<ref name="d"/> Upon his release he founded the Mazdoor Sabha ('Workers Union').<ref name="e">{{cite book|author=Christophe Jaffrelot / Laurent Gayer|title=MUSLIMS IN INDIAN CITIES|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ixrT-ldIWZMC&pg=PT162|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers India|isbn=978-93-5029-555-7|page=162}}</ref> |
Between 1934 and 1949 he worked at a number of different Urdu newspapers.<ref name="a"/> The publications that he was linked to in Bhopal were frequently banned by the Nawab's government.<ref name="c"/> He set up various [[trade union]]s at mills and factories in Bhopal.<ref name="a"/><ref name="c"/> Together with Tarzi Mashriqi (president of Anjuman Khuddam-e-Watan) he founded the newspaper ''Sabah-e-Watan'' in 1934.<ref name="d"/> Serving as its editor, he was jailed in the same year for having published a cartoon mocking the Bhopal judiciary.<ref name="b"/> He was sentenced to two months imprisonment for contempt of court.<ref name="d"/> The arrest provoked popular protests and after seventeen days the government decided to release him.<ref name="b">''The New Indian Express''. ''[http://www.newindianexpress.com/opinion/article182097.ece?service=print Bhopal gas tragedy and the forgotten crusader]''</ref> Together with trade union leaders, he founded the Praja Mandal in 1938.<ref name="c"/><ref name="d"/> He was the president of Praja Mandal, but soon resigned from the post. Khan was jailed for eight months. After his release he was again arrested. He was prosecuted under the [[Defense of India Rules]] and sentenced to two years imprisonment. He was jailed at Sehore jail.<ref name="d"/> Upon his release he founded the Mazdoor Sabha ('Workers Union').<ref name="e">{{cite book|author=Christophe Jaffrelot / Laurent Gayer|title=MUSLIMS IN INDIAN CITIES|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ixrT-ldIWZMC&pg=PT162|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers India|isbn=978-93-5029-555-7|page=162}}</ref> |
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==Merger movement== |
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In 1947 he led the movement for the merger of the Bhopal State with India.<ref name="a"/> He mobilized the labour movement in the merger struggle.<ref name="e"/> The movement was successful in forcing Nawab [[Hamidullah Khan]] to agree to the integration of the Bhopal State into India.<ref name="c"/> |
In 1947 he led the movement for the merger of the Bhopal State with India.<ref name="a"/> He mobilized the labour movement in the merger struggle.<ref name="e"/> The movement was successful in forcing Nawab [[Hamidullah Khan]] to agree to the integration of the Bhopal State into India.<ref name="c"/> |
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==1952 elections== |
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In 1950 the [[Kisan Mazdoor Mandal]] ('Peasant Worker Association') was formed by mergerists that left the [[Indian National Congress]] ''en bloc''.<ref name="f"/> Khan was the president of KMM.<ref>{{cite book|title=State Politics in India|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=UYDNOpqJjSsC|year=1968|page=!45}}</ref> In the 1952 election to the [[Legislative Assembly]] of the Bhopal State, Khan contested the Jahangirabad seat as a KMM candidate.<ref name="f">{{cite book|author=Ashfaq Ali|title=Bhopal, Past and Present : a Brief History of Bhopal from the Hoary Past Up to the Present Time|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=owMMAQAAIAAJ|year=1981|publisher=Jai Bharat Publishing House|page=447}}</ref><ref name="eci1952"/> He stood against Tarzi Mashriqi, who contested of behalf of the Indian National Congress.<ref name="eci1952">Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_BHOPAL.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1951 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF BHOPAL]''</ref> Khan finished in second place, with 2,581 votes (43.41% of the votes in the constituency).<ref name="eci1952"/> |
In 1950 the [[Kisan Mazdoor Mandal]] ('Peasant Worker Association') was formed by mergerists that left the [[Indian National Congress]] ''en bloc''.<ref name="f"/> Khan was the president of KMM.<ref>{{cite book|title=State Politics in India|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=UYDNOpqJjSsC|year=1968|page=!45}}</ref> In the 1952 election to the [[Legislative Assembly]] of the Bhopal State, Khan contested the Jahangirabad seat as a KMM candidate.<ref name="f">{{cite book|author=Ashfaq Ali|title=Bhopal, Past and Present : a Brief History of Bhopal from the Hoary Past Up to the Present Time|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=owMMAQAAIAAJ|year=1981|publisher=Jai Bharat Publishing House|page=447}}</ref><ref name="eci1952"/> He stood against Tarzi Mashriqi, who contested of behalf of the Indian National Congress.<ref name="eci1952">Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_BHOPAL.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1951 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF BHOPAL]''</ref> Khan finished in second place, with 2,581 votes (43.41% of the votes in the constituency).<ref name="eci1952"/> |
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==Communist legislator== |
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He set up the Bhopal State branch of the [[Communist Party of India]] in 1952, becoming the president of the state party organization.<ref name="a"/><ref name="e"/> Khan played an important role in making Bhopal the capital city of the new [[Madhya Pradesh]] state.<ref name="c"/> He was elected to the Madhya Pradesh [[Vidhan Sabha|Legislative Assembly]] from the Bhopal constituency in 1957, 1962, 1967 and 1972.<ref name="a"/><ref name="e"/> |
He set up the Bhopal State branch of the [[Communist Party of India]] in 1952, becoming the president of the state party organization.<ref name="a"/><ref name="e"/> Khan played an important role in making Bhopal the capital city of the new [[Madhya Pradesh]] state.<ref name="c"/> He was elected to the Madhya Pradesh [[Vidhan Sabha|Legislative Assembly]] from the Bhopal constituency in 1957, 1962, 1967 and 1972.<ref name="a"/><ref name="e"/> |
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==Later political career== |
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Khan was a key figure in the Muslim milieu of Bhopal.<ref name="e"/> He served as chairman of the Madhya Pradesh [[Waqf]] Board between January 19, 1968 and December 6, 1969.<ref name="a"/><ref name="e"/><ref>Madhya Pradesh Waqf Board. ''[http://www.mpwaqfboard.org/Public%20Page/charPerlist.aspx List of the Chair Persons and Administrators of M.P. Waqf Board]''</ref> In the 1970s he served as chairman of the [[All India Kisan Sabha (Ajoy Bhavan)|Madhya Pradesh Kisan Sangh]] and a member of the Madhya Pradesh State Council of CPI.<ref name="a"/> He also served as the president of the Madhya Pradesh state unit of the [[All India Trade Union Congress]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Link, vol. 20, part 3|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ampDAAAAYAAJ|year=1978|publisher=United India Periodicals|page=158}}</ref> |
Khan was a key figure in the Muslim milieu of Bhopal.<ref name="e"/> He served as chairman of the Madhya Pradesh [[Waqf]] Board between January 19, 1968 and December 6, 1969.<ref name="a"/><ref name="e"/><ref>Madhya Pradesh Waqf Board. ''[http://www.mpwaqfboard.org/Public%20Page/charPerlist.aspx List of the Chair Persons and Administrators of M.P. Waqf Board]''</ref> In the 1970s he served as chairman of the [[All India Kisan Sabha (Ajoy Bhavan)|Madhya Pradesh Kisan Sangh]] and a member of the Madhya Pradesh State Council of CPI.<ref name="a"/> He also served as the president of the Madhya Pradesh state unit of the [[All India Trade Union Congress]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Link, vol. 20, part 3|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ampDAAAAYAAJ|year=1978|publisher=United India Periodicals|page=158}}</ref> |
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==Opposition to Union Carbide plant== |
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As a legislator, Khan was one of few prominent voices that protested against the setting up the [[Union Carbide Corporation]] chemical plant in Bhopal.<ref name="b"/> In a 1969 assembly debate he stated that the setting up of the factory implied 'very high risks'.<ref name="b"/><ref>{{cite book|title=International Review of History and Political Science, vol. 23|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=qTdnAAAAMAAJ|year=1986|publisher="Review" Publications|page=11}}</ref> Years later, the Union Carbide Corporation plant was the site of [[Bhopal disaster|a major industrial disaster]] with thousands of victims.<ref name="b"/> |
As a legislator, Khan was one of few prominent voices that protested against the setting up the [[Union Carbide Corporation]] chemical plant in Bhopal.<ref name="b"/> In a 1969 assembly debate he stated that the setting up of the factory implied 'very high risks'.<ref name="b"/><ref>{{cite book|title=International Review of History and Political Science, vol. 23|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=qTdnAAAAMAAJ|year=1986|publisher="Review" Publications|page=11}}</ref> Years later, the Union Carbide Corporation plant was the site of [[Bhopal disaster|a major industrial disaster]] with thousands of victims.<ref name="b"/> |
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==International travels== |
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Khan visited [[China]] in 1954, and the [[Soviet Union]] in 1967.<ref name="a"/> |
Khan visited [[China]] in 1954, and the [[Soviet Union]] in 1967.<ref name="a"/> |
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==Memorials== |
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The Khan Shakir Ali Khan Hospital is named after him.<ref name="b"/> |
The Khan Shakir Ali Khan Hospital is named after him.<ref name="b"/> |
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Revision as of 04:33, 14 February 2014
Khan Shakir Ali Khan (b. 1904, d. 1978), popularly known as Sher-e-Bhopal, was an Indian politician, freedom fighter, trade unionist and journalist.[1][2] A leader of the labour movement in Bhopal, Khan led the struggles for the integration of Bhopal State with India. After Independence he served four tenures as state legislator, representing the [[Communist Party of India.
Early career
Khan was an active Urdu journalist. Around 1926-1927 he worked at the Delhi-based Rayasat and the Calcutta-based Hind.[1] He worked a naik at the Sultania Infantry of Bhopal, and later as a ryotwarri moharrir in the administration of the Nawab of Bhopal.[3] He was well-versed in Persian language.[4]
Khan was active in the struggle against the monarchy in the Bhopal State, and was imprisoned on several occasions.[1] He was fired from his government job in 1932, following which he started to become known for his opposition activities.[3] In 1933 he founded the Anjuman Khuddam-e-Watan (League of Servants of Fatherland), serving as its secretary.[1][3] The organization had a parochial character, arguing for the rights of the Bhopali population against the rule of Punjabi Muslims.[3]
Struggle against Nawab rule
Between 1934 and 1949 he worked at a number of different Urdu newspapers.[1] The publications that he was linked to in Bhopal were frequently banned by the Nawab's government.[2] He set up various trade unions at mills and factories in Bhopal.[1][2] Together with Tarzi Mashriqi (president of Anjuman Khuddam-e-Watan) he founded the newspaper Sabah-e-Watan in 1934.[3] Serving as its editor, he was jailed in the same year for having published a cartoon mocking the Bhopal judiciary.[5] He was sentenced to two months imprisonment for contempt of court.[3] The arrest provoked popular protests and after seventeen days the government decided to release him.[5] Together with trade union leaders, he founded the Praja Mandal in 1938.[2][3] He was the president of Praja Mandal, but soon resigned from the post. Khan was jailed for eight months. After his release he was again arrested. He was prosecuted under the Defense of India Rules and sentenced to two years imprisonment. He was jailed at Sehore jail.[3] Upon his release he founded the Mazdoor Sabha ('Workers Union').[4]
Merger movement
In 1947 he led the movement for the merger of the Bhopal State with India.[1] He mobilized the labour movement in the merger struggle.[4] The movement was successful in forcing Nawab Hamidullah Khan to agree to the integration of the Bhopal State into India.[2]
1952 elections
In 1950 the Kisan Mazdoor Mandal ('Peasant Worker Association') was formed by mergerists that left the Indian National Congress en bloc.[6] Khan was the president of KMM.[7] In the 1952 election to the Legislative Assembly of the Bhopal State, Khan contested the Jahangirabad seat as a KMM candidate.[6][8] He stood against Tarzi Mashriqi, who contested of behalf of the Indian National Congress.[8] Khan finished in second place, with 2,581 votes (43.41% of the votes in the constituency).[8]
Communist legislator
He set up the Bhopal State branch of the Communist Party of India in 1952, becoming the president of the state party organization.[1][4] Khan played an important role in making Bhopal the capital city of the new Madhya Pradesh state.[2] He was elected to the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly from the Bhopal constituency in 1957, 1962, 1967 and 1972.[1][4]
Later political career
Khan was a key figure in the Muslim milieu of Bhopal.[4] He served as chairman of the Madhya Pradesh Waqf Board between January 19, 1968 and December 6, 1969.[1][4][9] In the 1970s he served as chairman of the Madhya Pradesh Kisan Sangh and a member of the Madhya Pradesh State Council of CPI.[1] He also served as the president of the Madhya Pradesh state unit of the All India Trade Union Congress.[10]
Opposition to Union Carbide plant
As a legislator, Khan was one of few prominent voices that protested against the setting up the Union Carbide Corporation chemical plant in Bhopal.[5] In a 1969 assembly debate he stated that the setting up of the factory implied 'very high risks'.[5][11] Years later, the Union Carbide Corporation plant was the site of a major industrial disaster with thousands of victims.[5]
International travels
Khan visited China in 1954, and the Soviet Union in 1967.[1]
Memorials
The Khan Shakir Ali Khan Hospital is named after him.[5]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Madhya Pradesh Who's Who, 1975-76: Eminent Individuals Listed Professionwise. New Era Publications. 1976. p. 171.
- ^ a b c d e f ummid.com. Exhibition in Bhopal on life & work of freedom fighter Khan Shakir Ali Khan
- ^ a b c d e f g h Shiri Ram Bakshi; S.R. Bakshi And O.P. Ralhan (2008). Madhya Pradesh Through the Ages. Sarup & Sons. pp. 423–424, 437 440. ISBN 978-81-7625-806-7.
- ^ a b c d e f g Christophe Jaffrelot / Laurent Gayer. MUSLIMS IN INDIAN CITIES. HarperCollins Publishers India. p. 162. ISBN 978-93-5029-555-7.
- ^ a b c d e f The New Indian Express. Bhopal gas tragedy and the forgotten crusader
- ^ a b Ashfaq Ali (1981). Bhopal, Past and Present : a Brief History of Bhopal from the Hoary Past Up to the Present Time. Jai Bharat Publishing House. p. 447.
- ^ State Politics in India. 1968. p. !45.
- ^ a b c Election Commission of India. STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1951 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF BHOPAL
- ^ Madhya Pradesh Waqf Board. List of the Chair Persons and Administrators of M.P. Waqf Board
- ^ Link, vol. 20, part 3. United India Periodicals. 1978. p. 158.
- ^ International Review of History and Political Science, vol. 23. "Review" Publications. 1986. p. 11.