바르다

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [pa̠ɾɯda̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [바르다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	bareuda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	baleuda
McCune–Reischauer?	parŭda
Yale Romanization?	paluta

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄇᆞᄅᆞ다 (Yale: polota).

1447, 《석보상절》 24:20ㄱ

ᄒᆞᆫ 각시 아ᄎᆞᄆᆡ 粉 ᄇᆞᄅᆞ노라 ᄒᆞ야 거우룰 보거늘

Also attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean ᄇᆞᄅᆞ다 (Yale: polota).

1459, 《월인석보》 18:29ㄴ

香 기르ᄆᆞ로 모매 ᄇᆞᄅᆞ고

Compare dialectal forms 보리다 (borida), 볼라다 (bollada).

바르다 • (bareuda) (infinitive 발라, sequential 바르니)

1. (…을 …에, …을 …으로) to hang paper; to stick paper, cloth or the like with adhesive to a surface

   벽지를 벽에 바르다

   byeokji-reul byeog-e bareuda

   to stick wallpaper on a wall

   한지를 바른 유리창

   hanji-reul bareun yurichang

   a windowpane papered (over) with hanji (traditional Korean paper)

   아이들 방을 예쁜 벽지로 발랐다.

   ai-deul bang-eul yeppeun byeokji-ro ballatda.

   I papered the children's room with pretty wallpaper.

2. (…을 …에, …을 …으로) to cover, plaster, cement; to attach to the surface of an object dirt, plaster or some other such substance

   흙을 벽에 바르다

   heulg-eul byeog-e bareuda

   to plaster the wall with dirt

   벽의 구멍을 흙으로 발랐다.

   byeog-ui gumeong-eul heulg-euro ballatda.

   I plastered the hole in the wall with dirt.

3. (…에 …을) to apply, spread, rub, put on; to rub water, paste, medicine, cosmetics, etc. onto a surface

   상처에 약을 바르다

   sangcheo-e yag-eul bareuda

   to paint a wound

   얼굴에 분을 바르다

   eolgur-e bun-eul bareuda

   to powder one's face

   입술에 립스틱을 바르다

   ipsur-e ripseutig-eul bareuda

   to rouge one's lips

   도자기에 유약을 바르다

   dojagi-e yuyag-eul bareuda

   to glaze ceramics

   밤참으로 식빵에 버터를 발라 먹었다.

   bamcham-euro sikppang-e beoteo-reul balla meogeotda.

   I had some buttered bread for a midnight snack.

   머리에 기름을 발랐다.

   meori-e gireum-eul ballatda.

   I greased my hair.

• 붙이다 (buchida)
• 칠하다 (chilhada)
• 묻히다 (muchida)
• 올리다 (ollida)
• 쓰다 (sseuda)
• 입히다 (iphida)
• 찍다 (jjikda)

• 뒤바르다 (dwibareuda)
• (North Korea) 게바르다 (gebareuda)
• (North Korea) 개바르다 (gaebareuda)
• (South Korea) 쥐어바르다 (jwieobareuda)
• (North Korea) 쥐여바르다 (jwiyeobareuda)
• 재장바르다 (jaejangbareuda)
• 덧바르다 (deotbareuda)
• 처바르다 (cheobareuda)

바르다 • (bareuda) (infinitive 발라, sequential 바르니)

1. (obsolete) to be hardened; to be solidified
2. (obsolete) to become stiff

First attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean ᄇᆞ리다 (Yale: polita).

1461, 《두시언해》 10:40

치위 ᄉᆞᆯᄒᆞᆯ ᄇᆞ리ᄂᆞᆫ ᄃᆞᆺᄒᆞᆫ 北녁 ᄇᆞᄅᆞ미 ᄂᆞᆯ캅도다

Compare dialectal form 볼그다 (bolgeuda).

바르다 • (bareuda) (infinitive 발라, sequential 바르니)

1. (…을) to peel, flay; to remove the skin, shell, or outer layer of something to get to what is inside

   밤을 바르다

   bam-eul bareuda

   to crack a chestnut

   씨를 바르다

   ssi-reul bareuda

   to remove a seed

2. (…을) to bone, debone; to remove the meat attached to the bone; to remove fishbones

   생선을 발라 먹다

   saengseon-eul balla meokda

   to eat fish after deboning it

   생선 가시를 발라서 버리다

   saengseon gasi-reul ballaseo beorida

   to throw away a fishbone, after deboning a fish

• 발그다 (balgeuda) (North Korea)

• (dialectal) 불바르다 (bulbareuda)

• 버리다 (beorida)

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 바ᄅᆞ다 (Yale: palota).

1459, 《월인석보》 서:18ㄱ

直ᄋᆞᆫ 바ᄅᆞᆯ 씨라

Also attested in the Neung'eomgyeong eonhae (楞嚴經諺解 / 능엄경언해), 1461, as Middle Korean 바ᄅᆞ다 (Yale: palota).

1481, 《능엄경언해》 9:62ㄴ

街ᄂᆞᆫ 바ᄅᆞᆫ 길히오 巷은 구븐 길히라

바르다 • (bareuda) (infinitive 발라, sequential 바르니)

1. to be straight, upright, erect; without bends or curvature

   길이 바르다.

   gir-i bareuda.

   The road is straight.

   줄을 바르게 서다

   jur-eul bareuge seoda

   to line up straight

   선을 바르게 긋다

   seon-eul bareuge geutda

   to draw a straight line

   옷매무새를 바르게 하다

   onmaemusae-reul bareuge hada

   to adjust one's dress to become straight (without creases)

   의자에 바르게 앉아라

   uija-e bareuge anjara

   to sit in a chair straight

   장롱에 이불을 바르게 개 넣어라.

   jangnong-e ibur-eul bareuge gae neo'eora.

   to fold and put the bed erect in the wardrobe.

2. to be right; to comply with the social norm in one's words or behavior

   예의가 바르다

   yeui-ga bareuda

   to be polite

   생각이 바른 사람

   saenggag-i bareun saram

   a person with right thinking

   마음가짐이 바르다.

   ma'eumgajim-i bareuda.

   His mental attitude is right.

   행실이 바르다.

   haengsir-i bareuda.

   His behavior is right.

   그는 몸가짐을 늘 바르게 한다.

   geu-neun momgajim-eul neul bareuge handa.

   He always behaves properly.

   그는 회사에서 가장 인사성이 바른 사람이다.

   geu-neun hoesa-eseo gajang insaseong-i bareun saram-ida.

   He is the most polite person in the company.

3. to be right, correct, honest, frank; to be consistent with the facts

   역사를 바르게 이해하다.

   yeoksa-reul bareuge ihaehada.

   to understand history correctly

   숨기지 말고 바르게 대답하시오.

   sumgiji malgo bareuge daedaphasio.

   Don't hide (the truth), answer honestly.

4. right (direction)

   바른손 (bareunson, “right hand”)

   • 1999, “국립국어원 [Gungnipgugeowon, The National Institute of The Korean Language]”, in 표준국어대사전 [Pyojun'gugeodaesajeon, Standard Korean Dictionary]:

     정답을 아는 학생은 바른 손을 들어라

     jeongdab-eul aneun haksaeng-eun bareun son-eul deureora

     Raise your right hand if you know the answer.

   바른손잡이 (bareunsonjabi, “right hander”)

   • 2017 May, 박일환, 미친 국어사전 [A Mad Korean Dictionary], PURIWA IPARI, →ISBN:

     바른손을 오른손의 뜻으로 쓰는건 왼손잡이들에 대한 차별을 담은 말이라는 주장이 오래전부터 제기됐다.

     Bareunson-eul oreunson-ui tteus-euro sseuneun'geon oensonjabi-deur-e daehan chabyeor-eul dameun mar-ira-neun jujang-i oraejeon-buteo jegidwaetda.

     It has long been argued that using the right hand as the 'right hand' is a term that includes discrimination against left-handed people.

5. to be sunshiny; to be sunny or bright

   기르던 잉꼬가 죽자 아이들은 양지가 바른 곳에 묻어 주었다.

   gireudeon ingkko-ga jukja ai-deur-eun yangji-ga bareun gos-e mudeo jueotda.

   When the parakeet died, the children buried it in a sunny place.

   (South Korea) 양지바르다 ― yangjibareuda ― sunny, be full of sunshine

   (North Korea) 해바르다 ― haebareuda ― sunny, be full of sunshine

   볕바르다 (byeotbareuda)

   (dialectal) 벳바르다 (betbareuda)

   (dialectal) 양기바르다 (yanggibareuda)

• (right; proper): 올바르다 (olbareuda) 참되다 (chamdoeda) 정당하다 (jeongdanghada) 진정하다 (jinjeonghada) 옳다 (olta) 올바르다 (olbareuda) 방정하다 (bangjeonghada)
• (straight; upright): 곧다 (gotda) 똑바르다 (ttokbareuda)
• (neat; tidy): 단정하다 (danjeonghada) 깔끔하다 (kkalkkeumhada)

• (antonym(s) of “wrong”): 틀리다 (teullida) 그르다 (geureuda)거짓되다 (geojitdoeda)
• (antonym(s) of “not straight”): 굽다 (gupda)

• 올바르다 (olbareuda)
• 똑바르다 (ttokbareuda)
• 정바르다 (jeongbareuda)
• (North Korea) 통바르다 (tongbareuda)
• (North Korea) 대바르다 (daebareuda)
• (South Korea) 곧바르다 (gotbareuda)
• (North Korea) 직바르다 (jikbareuda)
• 겉바르다 (geotbareuda)
• 예바르다 (yebareuda)
• 면바르다 (myeonbareuda)
• (dialectal) 졸바르다 (jolbareuda)
• (North Korea) 격식바르다 (gyeoksikbareuda)
• 귀바르다 (gwibareuda)
• 아금바르다 (ageumbareuda)
• 엇바르다 (eotbareuda)
• (dialectal) 쪽바르다 (jjokbareuda)

• 정하다 (jeonghada)

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

바르다 • (bareuda) (infinitive 발라, sequential 바르니)

1. (figurative) (…을) to overwhelm an opponent completely; to overpower or defeat an opponent

   난 그를 완전히 발랐어.

   nan geu-reul wanjeonhi ballasseo.

   I totally defeated him.

   우린 저 팀에 완전히 발렸어.

   urin jeo tim-e wanjeonhi ballyeosseo.

   We totally got decimated by that team.

   A: 야, 너랑 쟤랑 싸우면 누가 이겨?
   B: 아~ 내가 그냥 바르지~

   A: ya, neorang jaerang ssaumyeon nuga igyeo?
   B: a~ naega geunyang bareuji~

   A: Hey, can you beat him?
   B: Yeah, for sure.

Derived from sense in etymology 2.

• 이기다 (igida)
• 승리하다 (seungnihada)
• 압도하다 (apdohada)
• 제압하다 (jeaphada)
• 억누르다 (eongnureuda)

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

바르다 • (bareuda) (infinitive 발라, sequential 바르니)

1. (North Korea) uncommon, insufficient; rarely encountered
   • 1992, “두만강 (Duman'gang) [Tumen River]”, in 조선말대사전 [Joseonmaldaesajeon, Dictionary of Korean language]:

     사랑채는 동향으로 앉아서 여름에는 해가 발랐다.

     Sarangchae-neun donghyang-euro anjaseo yeoreum-e-neun hae-ga ballatda.

     Sarangchae sits in the east, and the sun was insufficient in the summer.

Perhaps cognate to etymology 1,2 and 맛바르다 (matbareuda), 적바르다 (jeokbareuda) in etymology 5.

1. 걸다 (geolda)

   1992, “두만강 (Duman'gang) [Tumen River]”, in 조선말대사전 [Joseonmaldaesajeon, Dictionary of Korean language]:

   해에 걸어 검붉은 그 얼굴에는 로력과 창조의 기쁨이 흘렀다.

   Hae-e georeo geombulgeun geu eolgur-e-neun roryeok-gwa changjo-ui gippeum-i heulleotda.

   The face, bronzed by the hot sun, was flowing with joy of effort and creation.

A soft word for 빠르다 (ppareuda).

바르다 • (bareuda) (infinitive 발라, sequential 바르니)

1. fast, takes a short amount of time to do something
2. ahead of the baseline or comparison in a chronological order

• 재바르다 ― jaebareuda ― to be quick in action
• (North Korea) 재바르다 ― jaebareuda ― in short supply, poor condition

  1992, “두만강 (Duman'gang) [Tumen River]”, in 조선말대사전 [Joseonmaldaesajeon, Dictionary of Korean language]:

  재바른 살림살이에서 벗어나지 못하다.

  Jaebareun sallimsari-eseo beoseonaji mothada.

  to be unable to escape from the scanty livelihood

• (dialectal) 역바르다 (yeokbareuda)