際

See also: 际

際	U+969B, 際 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-969B

← 隚
[U+969A]

CJK Unified Ideographs

障 →
[U+969C]

Translingual

Han character

際 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 弓中月人火 (NLBOF), four-corner 7729₁, composition ⿰阝祭)

Derived characters

𭳋

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1359, character 28
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41820
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4154, character 15
Unihan data for U+969B

Chinese

trad.		際
simp.		际

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (祭) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蔡	*sʰlaːds
瘵	*ʔsreːds
祭	ʔsreːds, ʔsleds
際	*ʔsleds
穄	*ʔsleds
鰶	*ʔsleds
傺	*hr'eds
摖	*sʰleːds
擦	*sʰlaːd
攃	sʰlaːd, saːd
礤	*sʰlaːd
察	*sʰreːd
詧	sʰreːd, sʰeːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsleds) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 祭 (OC *ʔsreːds, *ʔsleds).

Etymology

Related to 接 (OC *ʔseb, “to connect, contact”); see there for more (STEDT).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jì (ji⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zai³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): dai¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chi
Eastern Min (BUC): cié
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chè

(Teochew, Peng'im): zi³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵ci

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jì
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jì
  - Wade–Giles: chi⁴
  - Yale: jì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
  - Palladius: цзи (czi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zai³
  - Yale: jai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: zei³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐi̯³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: dai¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tai³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chi
  - Hakka Romanization System: ji
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ji⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡si⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cié
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siɛ²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chè
  - Tâi-lô: tsè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zex
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡se²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡se⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡se¹¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zi³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si²¹³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵ci
  - MiniDict: ci^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ji
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕi³⁴/

Middle Chinese: tsjejH

Rime
Character	際
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	祭 (35)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	子例切
Baxter	tsjejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡siᴇi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡siɛi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sjæi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡siaj^H/
Li Rong	/t͡siɛi^H/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭɛi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡si̯ɛi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zai³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts][a]p-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsleds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	際
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jì
Middle Chinese	‹ tsjej^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts][a]p-s/
English	connection
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	際
Reading #	1/1
No.	5840
Phonetic component	祭
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	祭
Old Chinese	/*ʔsleds/

Definitions

際

border; boundary; juncture
between
moment
to associate
to be on the occasion of
to be one's lot

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

際

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Go-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
Kan-on: せい (sei)
Kun: きわ (kiwa, 際, Jōyō)^{←きは (kifa, 際, historical)}、まじわる (majiwaru, 際わる)^{←まじはる (mazifaru, 際はる, historical)}、あい (ai, 際)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
際
さい Grade: 5
on'yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

際(さい) • (sai)

time; occasion
列車(れっしゃ)が発車(はっしゃ)する際(さい)
ressha ga hassha suru sai
when a train departs

その際(さい)に注意(ちゅうい)しなければいけない
sono sai ni chūi shinakereba ikenai
you must pay attention when that happens

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
際
きわ Grade: 5
kun'yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

際(きわ) • (kiwa) ^{←きは (kifa)^?}

moment prior to something
去(さ)り際(ぎわ)に握(あく)手(しゅ)する
sari-giwa ni akushu suru
to shake hands just before leaving

Korean

Hanja

際 (eumhun 즈음 제 (jeueum je))
際 (eumhun 가 제 (ga je))

hanja form^? of 제 (“occasion”)
hanja form^? of 제 (“border”)

Compounds

국제 (國際, gukje, “international”)
실제 (實際, silje, “reality; practice”)

Vietnamese

Han character

際: Hán Nôm readings: tế

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.