豆腐
Chinese
[edit]| bean; sacrificial vessel | decay; rotten | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (豆腐) |
豆 | 腐 | |
| alternative forms | 豆付 obsolete | ||
| anagram | 腐豆 | ||
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): dou4 fu3
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dau6 fu6
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): eu5 fu5
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dau6 fu6
- Gan (Wiktionary): teu5 fu
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): dou3 fu2
- Northern Min (KCR): dē-hū
- Eastern Min (BUC): dâu→dâ-hô→hâu
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6deu-vu; 6deu-wu / 6deu-vu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland, variant in Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄡˋ ˙ㄈㄨ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dòufů
- Wade–Giles: tou4-fu5
- Yale: dòu-fu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dow.fu
- Palladius: доуфу (doufu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /toʊ̯⁵¹ fu¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄡˋ ㄈㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dòufǔ
- Wade–Giles: tou4-fu3
- Yale: dòu-fǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dowfuu
- Palladius: доуфу (doufu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /toʊ̯⁵¹ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: dou4 fu3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: doufu
- Sinological IPA (key): /təu²¹³ fu⁵³/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland, variant in Taiwan)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: dau6 fu6
- Yale: dauh fuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: dau6 fu6
- Guangdong Romanization: deo6 fu6
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɐu̯²² fuː²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: eu5 fu5
- Sinological IPA (key): /eu³² fu³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: teu5 fu
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɛu¹¹ fu¹/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: theu-fu
- Hakka Romanization System: teu fu
- Hagfa Pinyim: teu4 fu4
- Sinological IPA: /tʰeu̯⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: teu˖ fu˖
- Sinological IPA: /tʰeu³³ fu³³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: dou3 fu2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /təu⁴⁵ fu⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dē-hū
- Sinological IPA (key): /te⁵⁵ xu⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dâu→dâ-hô→hâu
- Sinological IPA (key): /ta²⁴²⁻⁵³ (h-)ɑu²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Lukang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāu-hǔ
- Tâi-lô: tāu-hǔ
- IPA (Lukang): /tau³¹⁻²² hu³³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: dao7 hu7
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tāu hū
- Sinological IPA (key): /tau¹¹ hu¹¹/
- (Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin: dao1 hu1
- Sinological IPA: /tau³⁵⁻³³ hu³⁵/
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: duwH bjuX
Noun
[edit]豆腐
Synonyms
[edit]Dialectal synonyms of 豆腐 (“tofu; bean curd”) [map]
Derived terms
[edit]- 冬瓜豆腐 (dōngguā dòufu)
- 凍豆腐／冻豆腐
- 刀切豆腐
- 刀子嘴豆腐心 (dāozi zuǐ dòufu xīn)
- 北豆腐
- 南豆腐
- 吃豆腐 (chī dòufu)
- 呃鬼食豆腐
- 外甥食母舅，親像食豆腐／外甥食母舅，亲像食豆腐
- 杏仁豆腐
- 水豆腐
- 沒肉也有四兩豆腐／没肉也有四两豆腐
- 炸豆腐丸子
- 磨豆腐
- 米豆腐
- 糟豆腐
- 老豆腐 (lǎodòufu)
- 臭豆腐 (chòudòufu)
- 菠菜豆腐
- 血豆腐 (xuèdòufu)
- 豆腐乳 (dòufurǔ)
- 豆腐乾／豆腐干 (dòufugān)
- 豆腐刀
- 豆腐嘴，刀子心
- 豆腐囝
- 豆腐婆
- 豆腐官
- 豆腐心
- 豆腐棗／豆腐枣
- 豆腐水
- 豆腐泡 (dòufupāo)
- 豆腐渣 (dòufuzhā)
- 豆腐漿／豆腐浆 (dòufujiāng)
- 豆腐皮 (dòufupí)
- 豆腐盤成肉價錢／豆腐盘成肉价钱 (dòufu pán chéng ròu jiàqián)
- 豆腐箸
- 豆腐腦／豆腐脑 (dòufunǎo)
- 豆腐膶／豆腐𬂀
- 豆腐花 (dòufuhuā)
- 豆腐蠣／豆腐蛎
- 豆腐衣
- 豆腐西施
- 豆腐飯／豆腐饭 (dòufufàn)
- 豆腐鯊／豆腐鲨 (dòufushā)
- 酸黃虀爛豆腐／酸黄虀烂豆腐
- 醬豆腐／酱豆腐 (jiàngdòufu)
- 釀豆腐／酿豆腐 (niàngdòufu)
- 關公賣豆腐／关公卖豆腐
- 關王賣豆腐／关王卖豆腐
- 食豆腐
- 馬尾中鬃豆腐／马尾中鬃豆腐
- 馬尾兒穿豆腐／马尾儿穿豆腐
- 魚豆腐／鱼豆腐 (yúdòufu)
- 鹹菜燒豆腐／咸菜烧豆腐
- 麻婆豆腐 (mápó dòufu)
- 麻豆腐
Descendants
[edit]Sino-Xenic (豆腐):
Others:
- → Amis: tawhu, tawho
- → Bikol Central: taho
- → Bouyei: duehfuh
- → Burmese: တိုဟူး (tuihu:)
- → Cebuano: taho
- → Classical Mongolian: ᠳᠡᠦᠹᠦ (deüfü)
- → Daur: ᡩ᠋ᡝ᠋ᠣᡶ᠋ᡠ (deofu), dueb
- → English: bean curd (calque)
- → Indonesian: tahu (via Hokkien)
- → Khmer: តៅហ៊ូ (tawhuu)
- → Lao: ເຕົາຮູ້ (tao hū)
- → Lü: ᦷᦏᧈᦝᦴ (ṫho¹fuu) (via Mandarin)
- → Macanese: taufú, tafú
- → Malay: tauhu
- → Manchu: ᡩᡝᡶᡠ (defu)
- → Russian: то́фу (tófu)
- → Saisiyat: tawho:
- → Nuosu: ꄔꃛ (dut fup)
- → Tagalog: taho
- → Thai: เต้าหู้ (dtâo-hûu) (via Teochew)
- → Lü: ᦎᧁᧉᦠᦴᧉ (ṫaw²ḣuu²)
- → Tibetan: ཏོའུ་ཧྥུ (to'u hphu)
- → Vietnamese: tàu hủ (“tofu pudding”) (Southern), tào phớ (“tofu pudding”) (Northern)
- → Uyghur: دۇفۇ (dufu)
- → Zhuang: daeuhfouh
Further reading
[edit]- “Entry #3504”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
[edit]
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 豆 | 腐 |
| とう Grade: 3 |
ふ Grade: S |
| on'yomi | |
Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 豆腐 (MC duwH bjuX, literally “bean + curdled”). Compare modern Mandarin reading dòufu.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Tokyo) とーふ [tòófú] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
- (Tokyo) とーふ [tòófúꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[1][2]
- IPA(key): [to̞ːɸɯ̟]
Audio: (file)
Noun
[edit]- tofu, bean curd
- Synonym: (dialectal, Kagoshima) おかべ
- (computing) tofu, an empty rectangle displayed by some systems in place of a character not supported by available fonts.
Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
- 絹漉し豆腐 (kinugoshidōfu): silken tofu, soft tofu
- 木綿豆腐 (momendōfu): cotton tofu, hard tofu
- 凍み豆腐 (shimidōfu): dried tofu
- 杏仁豆腐 (annindōfu): annin tofu
- 焼き豆腐 (yakidōfu): seared tofu
- 湯豆腐 (yudōfu): a cuisine of simmered tofu
- 豆腐餻 (tōfuyō): a fermented tofu of Okinawa
- 豆腐化け (tōfubake): a form of corrupted text display, where code points that are not included in the current font are instead displayed with empty rectangles that resemble blocks of tofu
Related terms
[edit]Related terms
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 豆 | 腐 |
Noun
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 豆 | 腐 |
Noun
[edit]豆腐
Categories:
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