警

See also: 儆

警	U+8B66, 警 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8B66

← 譥
[U+8B65]

CJK Unified Ideographs

譧 →
[U+8B67]

Translingual

Han character

警 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+13 in traditional Chinese, 言+12 in simplified Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 20 strokes in traditional Chinese, 19 strokes in simplified Chinese and Japanese and Korean, cangjie input 廿大卜一口 (TKYMR), four-corner 4860₁, composition ⿱敬言)

Derived characters

𫬺

Related characters

儆

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1183, character 5
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35989
Dae Jaweon: page 1645, character 30
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4017, character 4
Unihan data for U+8B66

Chinese

trad.		警
simp. ^#		警
2nd round simp.		⿰忄井

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 警
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (敬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蟼	kraː, kreŋ, *kreŋʔ
憼	kaŋʔ, kreŋʔ
驚	*kreŋ
警	*kreŋʔ
儆	kreŋʔ, ɡreŋs
璥	*keŋʔ
檠	kreŋʔ, ɡreŋ, *ɡreŋs
敬	*kreŋs
擎	*ɡreŋ
曔	*ɡreŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreŋʔ) : phonetic 敬 (OC *kreŋs) + semantic 言 (“spoken language, speech”).

Etymology

Cognate with 驚 (OC *kreŋ, “to be afraid; to scare”) (Schuessler, 2007); the sense "to be on guard" is the endoactive of 驚 (OC *kreŋ). See there for more.

儆 (OC *kreŋʔ, *ɡreŋs, “to warn; to guard against”) is the same word.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jǐng (jing³)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ging²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kín
Jin (Wiktionary): jing²
Eastern Min (BUC): gīng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kèng / kéng

(Teochew, Peng'im): gêng⁶ / gêng²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵cin

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jǐng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jǐng
  - Wade–Giles: ching³
  - Yale: jǐng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiing
  - Palladius: цзин (czin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ging²
  - Yale: gíng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ging²
  - Guangdong Romanization: ging²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kín
  - Hakka Romanization System: gin^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gin³
  - Sinological IPA: /kin³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: jing²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gīng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiŋ³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng
  - Tâi-lô: kìng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kexng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kéng
  - Tâi-lô: kíng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: keang
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kiɪŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gêng⁶ / gêng²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kĕng / kéng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /keŋ³⁵/, /keŋ⁵²/

Note: gêng2 - Jieyang, Chaoyang.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵cin
  - MiniDict: cin^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²jin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕin³⁴/

Middle Chinese: kjaengX

Rime
Character	警
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居影切
Baxter	kjaengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiæŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚiaŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kiaŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kiajŋ^X/
Li Rong	/kiɐŋ^X/
Wang Li	/kĭɐŋ^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki̯ɐŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jǐng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ging²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kreŋʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kreŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	警
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jǐng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjaeng^X ›
Old Chinese	/*kreŋʔ/
English	warn, admonish
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	警
Reading #	1/1
No.	6879
Phonetic component	敬
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	警
Old Chinese	/*kreŋʔ/

Definitions

警

to warn; to admonish
警告 ― jǐnggào ― to warn
to be on the alert; to be vigilant
警覺／警觉 ― jǐngjué ― vigilance
intuitive; sharp; alert
aphoristic; epigrammatic; witty
alarm; alert; siren
火警 ― huǒjǐng ― fire alarm
Short for 警察 (jǐngchá, “police”).
警車／警车 ― jǐngchē ― police car

交通警 [Cantonese] ― gaau¹ tung¹ ging² [Jyutping] ― traffic police

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

警

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Go-on: きょう (kyō)^{←きやう (kyau, historical)}
Kan-on: けい (kei, Jōyō)
Kun: いましめる (imashimeru, 警める)

Korean

Hanja

警 (eumhun 경계할 경 (gyeonggyehal gyeong))

hanja form^? of 경 (“guard, watch”)
hanja form^? of 경 (“alert, alarm”)

Compounds

경계 (警戒, gyeonggye, “being alert; vigilant”)
경호 (警護, gyeongho, “bodyguard”)

Vietnamese

Han character

警: Hán Nôm readings: cảnh

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