臍

See also: 脐 and 𦜝

臍	U+81CD, 臍 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81CD

← 臌
[U+81CC]

CJK Unified Ideographs

臎 →
[U+81CE]

Translingual

Traditional	臍
Shinjitai (extended)	𦜝
Simplified	脐

Han character

臍 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+14, 18 strokes, cangjie input 月卜難 (BYX), four-corner 7022₃, composition ⿰⺼齊)

abdominal area of a crab
navel

Derived characters

𫊖

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 996, character 25
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29967
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2121, character 5
Unihan data for U+81CD

Chinese

trad.		臍
simp.		脐

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (齊) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
儕	*zriːl
麡	zriːl, ʔsliːl, *zliːl
齋	*ʔsriːl
穧	ʔsleds, ʔsliːls, *zliːls
擠	ʔsliːl, ʔsliːls
躋	ʔsliːl, ʔsliːls
齏	*ʔsliːl
齎	ʔsliːl, ʔslil
櫅	*ʔsliːl
齌	ʔsliːl, sʰliːl, *zliːls
隮	ʔsliːl, ʔsliːls
賷	*ʔsliːl
虀	*ʔsliːl
濟	ʔsliːlʔ, ʔsliːls
癠	ʔsliːlʔ, zliːl, zliːlʔ, zliːls
霽	*ʔsliːls
齊	zliːl, zliːls
臍	*zliːl
蠐	zliːl, zlil
懠	zliːl, zliːls
薺	zliːlʔ, zlil
鱭	*zliːlʔ
嚌	*zliːls
劑	zliːls, ʔslel
齍	*ʔslil

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zliːl) : semantic 肉 (“meat; flesh”) + phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls).

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-taj (“navel; abdomen; centre; self”) (Weidert, 1987; Schuessler, 2007), with metathesis of *s-t- > *dz- (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan ལྟེ (lte, “navel”), Chepang तोय् (“navel”), and more distantly, Burmese လယ် (lai, “center, middle”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): qí (qi²)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ji¹ / qi²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ci⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): tei⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): qi²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhì

(Meixian, Guangdong): qi²
Jin (Wiktionary): qi¹
Northern Min (KCR): châ̤
Eastern Min (BUC): sài
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): châi / chê

(Teochew, Peng'im): zai⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zhi
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zi⁴ / zi²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qí
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cí
  - Wade–Giles: chʻi²
  - Yale: chí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyi
  - Palladius: ци (ci)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: ji¹ / qi²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gi / ki
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/, /t͡ɕʰi²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ci⁴
  - Yale: chìh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsi⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: qi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiː²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: tei⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰei²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: qi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhì
  - Hakka Romanization System: qi^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: qi²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: qi²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: qi¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰi¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: châ̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɛ³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sài
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sai⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: châi / chê
  - Tâi-lô: tsâi / tsê
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zaai, zee
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sai²⁴/, /t͡se²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sai²⁴/, /t͡se²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sai¹³/, /t͡se¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sai²⁴/, /t͡se²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sai²³/, /t͡se²³/

Note:

châi - vernacular;
chê - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: zai⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsâi
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai⁵⁵/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zhi
  - MiniDict: zhi^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³xxi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ʑi²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: zi⁴ / zi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /t͡si⁴⁵/, /t͡si¹³/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡ɕi⁴⁵/, /t͡ɕi¹³/

Note:

zi4 - used in 肚臍;
zi2 - used in 臍帶.

Middle Chinese: dzej

Rime
Character	臍
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	徂奚切
Baxter	dzej
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zei/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zei/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zɛi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zɛj/
Li Rong	/d͡zei/
Wang Li	/d͡ziei/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡zʱiei/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cai⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤ[ə]j/

(Zhengzhang): /*zliːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	臍
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qí
Middle Chinese	‹ dzej ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]ˁ[ə]j/
English	navel
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	臍
Reading #	1/1
No.	10053
Phonetic component	齊
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	齊
Old Chinese	/*zliːl/

Definitions

臍

navel
露臍裝／露脐装 ― lùqízhuāng ― crop top

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 肚臍 (“navel; belly button”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		臍
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		肚臍
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	肚臍兒, 肚臍眼兒
	Taiwan	肚臍, 肚臍眼
	Ulanhot	肚臍眼
	Tongliao	肚臍眼
	Chifeng	肚臍兒
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	肚臍眼
	Harbin	肚臍眼兒, 肚臍子
	Singapore	肚臍
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	肚眼兒
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	脖臍, 脖臍眼兒
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	閉臍, 閉臍眼子
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Qingdao	肚臍眼兒, 腹臍眼兒
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	肚臍兒, 肚目臍兒
	Wanrong	不臍窩
	Zhengzhou	肚末臍兒
	Xi'an	脖臍窩兒
	Xining	蒲臍眼
	Xuzhou	肚眼兒, 肚眼子, 肚臍兒, 肚臍
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	肚母臍臍
	Bayanhot	肚母臍臍
	Lanzhou	肚母臍
	Ürümqi	肚目臍子
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	肚臍兒, 肚臍眼兒
	Wuhan	肚臍眼
	Guiyang	肚臍眼, 一分錢 humorous
	Kunming	肚臍眼兒
	Guilin	肚臍眼
	Liuzhou	肚臍眼, 肚臍
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	肚臍眼兒
	Yangzhou	肚臍子
	Nantong	肚臍眼兒
Cantonese	Guangzhou	肚臍, 肚臍窿
	Hong Kong	肚臍, 肚臍窿
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	肚臍
	Foshan	肚臍
	Foshan (Shunde)	肚臍
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	肚臍
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	肚臍
	Taishan	肚臍
	Kaiping (Chikan)	肚臍
	Dongguan	屎肚臍, 肚臍, 屎卜臍
	Shaoguan	肚臍
	Yunfu	肚臍
	Xinyi	肚臍
	Lianjiang	肚臍
	Nanning	肚臍
	Wuzhou	肚臍
	Yulin	肚臍
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	肚臍
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	肚臍
Gan	Nanchang	肚臍眼
	Lichuan	肚胔眼
	Pingxiang	脖子眼, 肚絲眼
Hakka	Meixian	肚臍窟
	Yudu	肚臍, 肚臍眼
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	肚臍, 肚臍窟
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	肚臍, 肚臍窟
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	肚臍, 肚臍窟
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	肚臍, 肚臍窟
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	肚臍, 肚臍窟
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	腹臍, 腹臍窟
	Hong Kong	肚臍
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	肚臍眼
	Senai (Huiyang)	肚臍
Huizhou	Jixi	肚臍
Jin	Taiyuan	肚不臍
	Xinzhou	木臍
	Taibus (Baochang)	肚臍眼
	Linhe	肚臍
	Jining	肚摸臍
	Hohhot	肚麼臍臍
	Baotou	肚摸臍
	Dongsheng	肚臍兒
	Haibowan	肚部臍
Northern Min	Jian'ou	腹臍
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	腹臍
	Songxi	腹臍
	Zhenghe	腹臍
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	腹鹵臍
	Jianyang	腹臍
	Wuyishan	腹臍
	Pucheng (Shibei)	腹臍
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	腹臍
	Fuzhou (Changle)	腹臍
	Fuqing	腹臍
	Yongtai	腹肚臍
	Gutian	腹臍
	Fu'an	腹臍
	Ningde	腹臍
	Shouning	腹臍
	Zhouning	腹臍
	Fuding	腹臍
Southern Min	Xiamen	肚臍空, 腹臍, 臍
	Quanzhou	腹臍, 臍
	Jinjiang	腹臍
	Yongchun	腹臍
	Zhangzhou	肚臍空, 肚臍甕仔, 臍
	Taipei	肚臍
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	肚臍
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	肚臍
	Tainan	肚臍
	Kinmen	肚臍
	Penghu (Magong)	肚臍
	Penang (Hokkien)	肚臍
	Manila (Hokkien)	腹臍
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	腹肚臍
	Datian	腹臍
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	肚臍
	Chaozhou	肚臍
	Jieyang	屎肚臍
	Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew)	肚臍
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	肚臍
	Haikou	肚臍
Puxian Min	Putian	腹臍
	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	腹臍
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	腹臍
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	腹臍
	Xianyou	腹臍
	Xianyou (Fengting)	腹臍
	Xianyou (Youyang)	腹臍
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	肚臍
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	肚臍眼
Wu	Shanghai	肚皮眼, 肚臍, 肚臍眼
	Shanghai (Chongming)	肚皮子
	Suzhou	肚臍眼
	Danyang	肚臍眼, 肚皮眼
	Hangzhou	肚臍眼兒
	Ningbo	肚臍眼
	Wenzhou	肚臍窟, 肚臍丼
	Jinhua	肚臍, 肚臍窟窿
Xiang	Changsha	肚臍眼
	Loudi	肚臍眼
	Hengyang	肚臍眼
	Quanzhou	肚臍眼, 肚臍

Compounds

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	𦜝
Kyūjitai	臍

Kanji

臍

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 𦜝)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: ざい (zai)
Kan-on: せい (sei)
Kun: へそ (heso, 臍)、ほぞ (hozo, 臍)

Compounds

膃肭臍(おっとせい) (ottosei, “fur seal”)
観念(かんねん)の臍(ほぞ)を固(かた)める (kannen no hozo o katameru)
臍炎(さいえん) (saien)
臍下(さいか) (saika)
臍窩(さいか) (saika)
臍下丹田(さいかたんでん) (saikatanden)
臍疝痛(さいせんつう) (saisentsū)
臍帯(さいたい) (saitai)
臍帯血(さいたいけつ) (saitaiketsu)
臍帯血移植(さいたいけついしょく) (saitaiketsuishoku)
臍囊(さいのう) (sainō)
臍(さい)ヘルニア (saiherunia)
麝香(じゃこう)の臍(ほぞ) (jakō no hozo)
臍下(せいか) (seika)
臍下丹田(せいかたんでん) (seikatanden)
噬臍(ぜいせい) (zeisei)
臍帯(せいたい) (seitai)
出臍(でべそ) (debeso)
臍猪(へそいのしし) (hesoinoshishi, “peccary”)
臍(へそ)が宿替(やどが)えする (heso ga yadogae suru)
臍土器(へそかわらけ) (hesokawarake)
臍柑(へそかん) (hesokan)
臍繰(へそく)り (hesokuri)
臍繰(へそく)り金(がね) (hesokurigane)
臍繰(へそく)る (hesokuru)
臍茶(へそちゃ) (hesocha)
臍(へそ)で茶(ちゃ)を沸(わ)かす (heso de cha o wakasu)
臍(へそ)の緒(お) (heso no o)
臍(へそ)の緒(お)を切(き)ってから (heso no o o kitte kara)
臍(へそ)の下(した) (heso no shita)
臍曲(へそま)がり (hesomagari)
臍(へそ)を曲(ま)げる (heso o mageru)
臍落(ほぞお)ち (hozōchi)
臍繰(ほぞく)り金(がね) (hozokurigane)
臍落(ほぞち) (hozochi)
臍(ほぞ)の緒(お) (hozo no o)
臍(ほぞ)を固(かた)める (hozo o katameru)
臍(ほぞ)を噬(か)む (hozo o kamu)
櫓臍(ろべそ) (robeso)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
臍
へそ Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
𦜝 (extended shinjitai)

Might be a shift from, or cognate with 臍 (hozo, “navel”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

First cited to a text from 810 CE, around the Heian period.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) へそ [hèsó] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [he̞so̞]

Noun

臍(へそ) • (heso)

(anatomy) navel

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
臍
ほぞ Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
𦜝 (extended shinjitai)

From Old Japanese 臍 (poso).^[2]^[4]^[5]^[6] First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.^[5] Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *pəsə.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ほぞ [hóꜜzò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]^[3]
(Tokyo) ほぞ [hòzó] (Heiban – [0])^[3]
IPA^(key): [ho̞zo̞]

Noun

臍(ほぞ) • (hozo)

(anatomy) navel

References

^ “臍”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 “臍・蔕・枘”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
^ “臍”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[3] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 臍 (MC dzej).

Recorded as Middle Korean 쪵 (Yale: ccyey) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Recorded as Middle Korean 졔 (cyey) (Yale: cyey) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

臍

Wikisource

臍 (eumhun 배꼽 제 (baekkop je))

hanja form^? of 제 (“navel”)

Compounds

절제 (截臍, jeolje)
제대 (臍帶, jedae)
제염 (臍炎, jeyeom)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

[KDJ2Heso-1] “臍”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[KDJ-4] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[KDJ2Hozo-5] 5.0 ^5.1 “臍・蔕・枘”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[DDSHozo-6] “臍”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[3] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]