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竹

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: ケ
竹 U+7AF9, 竹
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7AF9
← 竸
[U+7AF8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 竺 →
[U+7AFA]
⽵ U+2F75, ⽵
KANGXI RADICAL BAMBOO
← ⽴
[U+2F74] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽶ →
[U+2F76]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order

Han character

[edit]
See images of
Radical 118 竹

竹 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹 (H), four-corner 88220, composition ⿰亇亇)

  1. Kangxi radical #118, ⽵.

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 877, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25841
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1305, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2947, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7AF9

Chinese

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 竹

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 竹
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
j21672
j21673
j21674
j21675
j21676
j21677
j21678
j21679
j21680
j21681
j21682
j21683
j21684
j21685
j21686
j21687
j21688
b06421
s03282
Transcribed ancient scripts
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (竹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
竺 *tuːɡ, *tuːɡ, *tuɡ
篤 *tuːɡ
竹 *tuɡ
筑 *tuɡ, *duɡ
築 *tuɡ
茿 *tuɡ
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 竹 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 竹 (Cantonese)
  • tek (Southern Min)
  • 竹 (Wu)

Pictogram (象形) – two bamboo stalks, with leaves. Earlier forms resembled 个 + 个, current form resembles rather ケ + ケ, or 亇 + 亇.

See also the original version of 散.

Etymology

[edit]

Compare Proto-Tai *b.twuːkᴰ (“bamboo strip for tying or weaving”), whence Thai ตอก (dtɔ̀ɔk, “bamboo strip”).

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note:
  • tek/tiak - vernacular;
  • tiok - literary.
Note:
  • dib4 - vernacular;
  • zog4 - literary.
Note:
  • jiu6 - vernacular;
  • zu6 - literary.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 竹
    Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/
    Harbin /ʈ͡ʂu²⁴/
    /t͡su²⁴/
    Tianjin /t͡su⁴⁵/
    Jinan /ʈ͡ʂu²¹³/
    Qingdao /ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂu²⁴/
    Xi'an /p͡fu²¹/
    Xining /ʈ͡ʂv̩⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂu¹³/
    Lanzhou /p͡fu¹³/
    Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂu²¹³/
    Wuhan /t͡səu²¹³/
    Chengdu /t͡su³¹/
    Guiyang /t͡su²¹/
    Kunming /ʈ͡ʂu³¹/
    Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂuʔ⁵/
    Hefei /ʈ͡ʂuəʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡suəʔ²/
    Pingyao /t͡suʌʔ¹³/
    Hohhot /t͡suəʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /t͡soʔ⁵/
    Suzhou /t͡soʔ⁵/
    Hangzhou /t͡soʔ⁵/
    Wenzhou /t͡ɕɤu²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /t͡suʔ²¹/
    Tunxi /t͡ɕiu⁵/
    Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂəu²⁴/
    Xiangtan /ʈ͡ʂəɯ²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡suʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /t͡suk̚¹/
    Taoyuan /tʃuk̚²²/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sok̚⁵/
    Nanning /t͡suk̚⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /t͡suk̚⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tiɔk̚³²/
    /tik̚³²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tøyʔ²³/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ty²⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /tek̚²/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /t͡sok̚⁵/
    /ʔdiɔk̚⁵/
    Rime
    Character 竹
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 知 (9)
    Final (韻) 屋 (4)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 張六切
    Baxter trjuwk
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʈɨuk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʈiuk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ȶiuk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʈuwk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/ȶiuk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/ȶĭuk̚/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/ȶi̯uk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		zhu
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		zuk1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 竹
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		zhú
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ trjuwk ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*truk/
    English bamboo

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 竹
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 17588
    Phonetic
    component         		竹
    Rime
    group         		覺
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		竹
    Old
    Chinese         		/*tuɡ/

    Definitions

    [edit]

    竹

    1. (～亞科) bamboo (Classifier: 枝; 棵 m; 根 m; 轆／辘 c)
      竹子  ―  zhúzi  ―  bamboo
    2. (music) musical instrument made of bamboo
    3. a surname: Zhu

    Synonyms

    [edit]
    Dialectal synonyms of 竹子 (“bamboo”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 竹, 篁
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 竹子
    Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 竹子
    Taiwan 竹子
    Langfang 竹子
    Chengde 竹子
    Chifeng 竹子
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 竹子
    Heihe 竹子
    Qiqihar 竹子
    Harbin 竹子
    Jiamusi 竹子
    Baicheng 竹子
    Changchun 竹子
    Tonghua 竹子
    Shenyang 竹子
    Jinzhou 竹子
    Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 竹子
    Tangshan 竹子
    Cangzhou 竹子
    Baoding 竹子
    Shijiazhuang 竹子
    Lijin 竹子
    Jinan 竹子
    Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 竹子
    Dandong 竹子
    Yantai 竹子
    Yantai (Muping) 竹子
    Qingdao 竹子
    Zhucheng 竹子
    Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 竹子
    Lingbao 竹子
    Jining 竹子
    Daming 竹子
    Wanrong 竹子
    Linfen 竹子
    Shangqiu 竹子
    Yuanyang 竹子
    Zhengzhou 竹
    Xinyang 竹子
    Baihe 竹子
    Xi'an 竹子
    Baoji 竹子
    Tianshui 竹子
    Xining 竹子
    Xuzhou 竹子
    Fuyang 竹子
    Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 竹子
    Lanzhou 竹子
    Dunhuang 竹子
    Hami 竹子
    Ürümqi 竹子
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 竹子
    Nanchong 竹子
    Dazhou 竹子
    Hanyuan 竹子
    Xichang 竹子
    Zigong 竹子
    Chongqing 竹子
    Wuhan 竹子
    Yichang 竹子
    Xiangyang 竹子
    Tianmen 竹子
    Guiyang 竹子
    Zunyi 竹子
    Bijie 竹子
    Liping 竹子
    Zhaotong 竹子
    Dali 竹子
    Kunming 竹子
    Mengzi 竹子
    Guilin 竹子
    Liuzhou 竹子
    Jishou 竹子
    Changde 竹子
    Hanzhong 竹子
    Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 竹子
    Yangzhou 竹子
    Lianyungang 竹子
    Lianshui 竹子
    Nantong 竹子
    Anqing 竹子
    Wuhu 竹子
    Hefei 竹子
    Hong'an 竹子
    Cantonese Guangzhou 竹, 竹樹 plant
    Hong Kong 竹, 竹樹 plant
    Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 竹
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 竹
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 竹
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 竹
    Macau 竹
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 竹
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 竹
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 竹
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 竹
    Foshan 竹
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 竹
    Foshan (Shunde) 竹
    Foshan (Sanshui) 竹
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 竹
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 竹
    Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 竹
    Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 竹
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 竹
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 竹
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 竹
    Taishan 竹
    Kaiping (Chikan) 竹
    Enping (Niujiang) 竹
    Heshan (Yayao) 竹
    Dongguan 竹
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 竹
    Yangjiang 竹
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 竹
    Gan Nanchang 竹子
    Lichuan 竹仔
    Pingxiang 竹子
    Hakka Meixian 竹仔, 竹
    Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 竹
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 竹
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 竹
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 竹
    Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 竹
    Yudu 竹子
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 竹仔
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 竹仔
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 竹仔
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 竹
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 竹仔, 竹
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 竹
    Hong Kong 竹
    Senai (Huiyang) 竹仔
    Huizhou Jixi 竹
    Shexian 竹
    Jin Taiyuan 竹子
    Yangyuan 竹子
    Datong 竹子
    Xinzhou 竹子
    Lüliang (Lishi) 竹子
    Changzhi 竹子
    Linhe 竹子
    Jining 竹子
    Hohhot 竹子
    Erenhot 竹子
    Pingshan 竹子
    Zhangjiakou 竹子
    Handan 竹子
    Linzhou 竹了
    Suide 竹子
    Northern Min Jian'ou 竹
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 竹
    Southern Min Xiamen 竹, 竹仔
    Taipei 竹
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 竹
    Kaohsiung 竹仔
    Yilan 竹
    Changhua (Lukang) 竹
    Taichung 竹仔
    Tainan 竹
    Hsinchu 竹仔
    Kinmen 竹
    Penghu (Magong) 竹
    Penang (Hokkien) 竹
    Manila (Hokkien) 竹
    Chaozhou 竹
    Bangkok (Teochew) 竹
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 竹
    Leizhou 竹
    Haikou 竹
    Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 竹
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 竹, 竹根
    Wu Shanghai 竹頭
    Shanghai (Songjiang) 竹頭
    Shanghai (Jiading) 竹頭
    Suzhou 竹頭
    Danyang 竹子
    Hangzhou 竹頭
    Ningbo 竹, 竹頭
    Wenzhou 竹
    Jinhua 竹兒
    Xiang Changsha 竹子
    Shuangfeng 竹子, 竹

    Compounds

    [edit]

    Japanese

    [edit]

    Kanji

    [edit]
    竹

    (First grade kyōiku kanji)

    1. bamboo

    Readings

    [edit]
    • Go-on: ちく (chiku, Jōyō)
    • Kan-on: ちく (chiku, Jōyō)
    • Tō-on: しつ (shitsu)
    • Kun: たけ (take, 竹, Jōyō)
    • Nanori: たか (taka)

    Compounds

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]
    Kanji in this term
    竹
    たけ
    Grade: 1
    kun'yomi

    From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *takai.

    Theories on derivation include:[1][2]

    • From 長生 (takeou) or 高生 (takahae), in reference to the speed at which bamboo grows.
    • Cognate with 高 (taka), 長 (take), 丈 (take) "height".
    • From 高景 (takakake) or つらこえ (tsurakoe).
    • From ta meaning "tall" (高い (takai)) + ke, ancient form of 木 (ki, “tree”).
    • A contraction of 痛快茎延へ (itakukihae), referring to the speed at which bamboo grows.
    • Ta is from Korean 대 (dae, “bamboo”) (see also 대나무 (daenamu, “bamboo”, literally “bamboo tree”)), while ke is an ancient form of 木 (ki).

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
    • Historical evolution of the Kyoto pitch accent
    ※ H for high and flat syllables (◌́), L for low and flat syllables (◌̀), F for high-to-low syllables (◌̂), R for low-to-high syllables (◌̌).
    ※ References: [2]

    Noun

    [edit]

    竹(たけ) or 竹(タケ) • (take) 

    1. bamboo
      『竹(たけ)取(とり)物(もの)語(がたり)』
      “Taketori Monogatari”
      The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter
    2. (nyōbō kotoba) a bamboo shoot
    3. a wind instrument made using bamboo
    4. a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) consisting of a bird on a bamboo tree and various bamboo rings
    5. (slang) a maidservant (also used in novels of the early modern era)
    6. the middle of a 3-tier ranking system
      Hypernym: 松竹梅
      Coordinate terms: 松, 竹, 梅

    Derived terms

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^ “たけ”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)‎[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 “たけ 【竹】Paid subscription required”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
    3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

    Korean

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    From Middle Chinese 竹 (MC trjuwk). Recorded as Middle Korean 듁〮 (tyúk) (Yale: tyuk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Hanja

    [edit]
    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    竹 (eumhun 대나무 죽 (daenamu juk))

    1. hanja form? of 죽 (“bamboo”)

    Compounds

    [edit]
    Compounds

    References

    [edit]
    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

    Vietnamese

    [edit]

    Han character

    [edit]

    竹: Hán Nôm readings: trúc

    1. (Sino-Vietnamese) bamboo
    2. any bamboo species of phyllostachys

    Compounds

    [edit]
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