睦

睦	U+7766, 睦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7766

Translingual

Han character

睦 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 月山土金土 (BUGCG), four-corner 6401₄, composition ⿰目坴)

friendly, amiable, peaceful

Derived characters

𬞝

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 811, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23460
Dae Jaweon: page 1226, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2494, character 4
Unihan data for U+7766

Chinese

trad.		睦
simp. ^#		睦
alternative forms		𡍬𡐑𥄈𡻲

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (坴) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
睦	*mluɡ
坴	*m·ruɡ
陸	*m·ruɡ
稑	*ruɡ
鵱	*ruɡ
鯥	*ruɡ
淕	*ruɡ
踛	*ruɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mluɡ) : semantic 目 (“eyes”) + phonetic 坴 (OC *m·ruɡ).

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mù (mu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): muk⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mu̍k
Eastern Min (BUC): mŭk
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): borh⁷
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bo̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): mog⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mù
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mù
  - Wade–Giles: mu⁴
  - Yale: mù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muh
  - Palladius: му (mu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: muk⁶
  - Yale: muhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: muk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: mug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mʊk̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mu̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: mug
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mug⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /muk̚⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: mŭk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /muʔ⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: borh⁷
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɒʔ⁴/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: borh⁷
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɒʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bo̍k
  - Tâi-lô: bo̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bok
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔk̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: mog⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mo̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mok̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: mjuwk

Rime
Character	睦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	莫六切
Baxter	mjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/miuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/miuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/muwk̚/
Li Rong	/miuk̚/
Wang Li	/mĭuk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mi̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	muk⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mr[uk]/

(Zhengzhang): /*mluɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	睦
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mù
Middle Chinese	‹ mjuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*mr[uk]/
English	concord
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	睦
Reading #	1/1
No.	8531
Phonetic component	坴
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	目
Old Chinese	/*mluɡ/
Notes	古文從囧圥聲

Definitions

睦

harmonious

Compounds

References

莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “睦”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 161.

Japanese

Kanji

睦

(Jōyō kanji)

harmony

Readings

Go-on: もく (moku)
Kan-on: ぼく (boku, Jōyō)
Kun: むつまじい (mutsumajii, 睦まじい)、むつぶ (mutsubu, 睦ぶ)、むつむ (mutsumu, 睦む)
Nanori: むつ (mutsu)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
睦
むつ Grade: S
kun'yomi

No longer productive in Old Japanese.^[1] Only found in lexicalised forms,^[1] some of which are listed below.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [mɯ̟t͡sɨ]

Affix

睦(むつ) • (mutsu)

in good relations

Derived terms

睦言(むつごと) (mutsugoto)
睦魂(むつたま) (mutsutama)
睦(むつ)ぶ (mutsubu, archaic)
睦(むつ)む (mutsumu)
睦(むつ)まじい (mutsumajii)
睦(むつ)まやか (mutsumayaka)
睦(むつ)る (mutsuru, archaic)
皇睦(すめむつ) (sumemutsu, archaic)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
睦
むつ(き) Grade: S
kun'yomi

Proper noun

睦(むつき) • (Mutsuki)

a male given name

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Frellesvig, Bjarke (2010) A History of the Japanese Language, Cambridge University Press, New York, →ISBN, page 79

Korean

Hanja

睦 (eumhun 화목할 목 (hwamokhal mok))

hanja form^? of 목 (“friendly, amiable, peaceful”)

Vietnamese

Han character

睦: Hán Việt readings: mục^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]
睦: Nôm readings: mục^[1]^[2]

chữ Hán form of mục (“harmony”).
chữ Hán form of Mục (“a surname”).

References

[Frellesvig_2010_page_79-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Frellesvig, Bjarke (2010) A History of the Japanese Language, Cambridge University Press, New York, →ISBN, page 79

[tdcndg-2] 1.0 ^1.1 Nguyễn (2014).

[gdhn-3] 2.0 ^2.1 Trần (2004).

[tvctdhv-4] Trần (1999).

[hvttd-5] Nguyễn (1974).

[tchvtd-6] Thiều Chửu (1942).

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