痴

See also: 癡

痴	U+75F4, 痴 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-75F4

← 痳
[U+75F3]

CJK Unified Ideographs

痵 →
[U+75F5]

Translingual

Han character

痴 (Kangxi radical 104, 疒+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 大人大口 (KOKR), four-corner 0016₀, composition ⿸疒知)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 774, character 38
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22257
Dae Jaweon: page 1185, character 24
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2681, character 1
Unihan data for U+75F4

Chinese

trad.		痴/癡
simp.		痴

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (矢) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
彘	*l'eds
璏	l'eds, ɢʷleds, *ɢʷled
薙	l̥ʰiːs, ljiʔ, *l'iʔ
知	*ʔl'e
蜘	*te
智	*ʔl'es
鼅	*te
潪	teɡs, deɡ
踟	*de
雉	*l'iʔ
矢	*hliʔ
痴	*l̥ʰɯ

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chī (chi¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄔ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ci¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̂

(Meixian, Guangdong): ci¹
Eastern Min (BUC): chĭ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhi / thi

(Teochew, Peng'im): ci¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹tshy

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chī
  - Zhuyin: ㄔ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chih
  - Wade–Giles: chʻih¹
  - Yale: chr̄
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chy
  - Palladius: чи (či)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ci¹
  - Yale: chī
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsi¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: qi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̂
  - Hakka Romanization System: cii^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ci¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ci¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰz̩⁴⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰi⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhi
  - Tâi-lô: tshi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chy
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡sʰi³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰi⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thi
  - Tâi-lô: thi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ty
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰi³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰi⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ci¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰi³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹tshy
  - MiniDict: tshy^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tshr
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/

Middle Chinese: trhi

Rime
Character	痴
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	徹 (10)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	丑之切
Baxter	trhi
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈʰɨ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈʰɨ/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶʰie/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈʰɨ/
Li Rong	/ȶʰiə/
Wang Li	/ȶʰĭə/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȶʰi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ci¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰɯ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	痴
Reading #	1/1
No.	11505
Phonetic component	矢
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	癡
Old Chinese	/*l̥ʰɯ/

Definitions

痴

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 瘋 (“mad; crazy; insane”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		痴, 狂, 癲
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		瘋, 狂, 瘋癲, 瘋狂
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	瘋
	Taiwan	瘋
	Singapore	神經病, 有毛病
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	痴
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	瘋
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	瘋
Lanyin Mandarin	Ürümqi	瘋
Southwestern Mandarin	Wuhan	八面威, 八面
	Guiyang	瘋
	Liuzhou	癲
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	瘋
Cantonese	Guangzhou	癲, 黐線, 黐筋, 黐孖筋, short
	Hong Kong	癲, 黐線, 黐筋, 黐孖筋, 黐膠花, short, 黐總掣, 黐大掣
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	癲, 黐線
	Penang (Guangfu)	癲, 黐線
	Singapore (Guangfu)	癲, 黐線
Gan	Nanchang	瘋
Hakka	Meixian	癲
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	癲, 癲脬
Southern Min	Xiamen	痟
	Quanzhou	痟
	Yongchun	痟
	Zhangzhou	痟, 魔
	Zhao'an	痟
	Tainan	痟
	Penang (Hokkien)	痟
	Singapore (Hokkien)	痟
	Manila (Hokkien)	痟
	Chaozhou	痟
	Shantou	痟
	Shantou (Chenghai)	痟
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	痟
	Jieyang	痟
	Haifeng	癲
	Singapore (Teochew)	痟
	Leizhou	痟神
	Wenchang	發痟
	Singapore (Hainanese)	發痟
Wu	Shanghai	痴
	Shanghai (Chongming)	痴
	Danyang	瘋
	Hangzhou	瘋
	Wenzhou	癲
	Jinhua	癲
Xiang	Loudi	瘋

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (痴):

→ Japanese: 痴(ち) (chi)
→ Korean: 치(痴) (chi)
→ Vietnamese: si (痴)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

Shinjitai	痴
Kyūjitai	癡

痴

(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 癡)

Readings

Go-on: ち (chi, Jōyō)
Kan-on: ち (chi, Jōyō)
Kun: おこ (oko, 痴)^{←をこ (woko, 痴, historical)}、しれる (shireru, 痴れる)^{←しれる (sireru, 痴れる, historical)}

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
痴
ち Grade: S
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
癡 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 痴 (MC trhi). Compare modern Mandarin 痴 (chī).

The Buddhist sense is a translation of Sanskrit मोह (moha, “folly, ignorance”) or मूढ (mūḍha, “fool”).^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ち [chíꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
IPA^(key): [t͡ɕi]

Noun

痴(ち) • (chi)

foolishness, stupidity
(Buddhism) ignorance, one of the three roots of the vice dharmas

Affix

痴(ち) • (chi)

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
痴
おこ Grade: S
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
癡 (kyūjitai) 烏滸尾籠嗚呼 (rare)

⟨woko₂⟩ → */wəkə/ → /woko/ → /oko/

From Old Japanese.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) おこ [óꜜkò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
IPA^(key): [o̞ko̞]

Adjective

痴(おこ) • (oko) ^{←をこ (woko)^?}-na (adnominal 痴(おこ)な (oko na), adverbial 痴(おこ)に (oko ni))

foolish, absurd
indecent, indelicate

Usage notes

Historical sources^[1]^[2] show that this term is more often used as an attributive noun, followed by possessive particle の (no) when used to modify another noun.

Inflection

Inflection of 痴

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	痴だろ	おこだろ	oko daro
Continuative (連用形)	痴で	おこで	oko de
Terminal (終止形)	痴だ	おこだ	oko da
Attributive (連体形)	痴な	おこな	oko na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	痴なら	おこなら	oko nara
Imperative (命令形)	痴であれ	おこであれ	oko de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	痴ではない痴じゃない	おこではないおこじゃない	oko de wa nai oko ja nai
Informal past	痴だった	おこだった	oko datta
Informal negative past	痴ではなかった痴じゃなかった	おこではなかったおこじゃなかった	oko de wa nakatta oko ja nakatta
Formal	痴です	おこです	oko desu
Formal negative	痴ではありません痴じゃありません	おこではありませんおこじゃありません	oko de wa arimasen oko ja arimasen
Formal past	痴でした	おこでした	oko deshita
Formal negative past	痴ではありませんでした痴じゃありませんでした	おこではありませんでしたおこじゃありませんでした	oko de wa arimasen deshita oko ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	痴で	おこで	oko de
Conditional	痴なら（ば）	おこなら（ば）	oko nara (ba)
Provisional	痴だったら	おこだったら	oko dattara
Volitional	痴だろう	おこだろう	oko darō
Adverbial	痴に	おこに	oko ni
Degree	痴さ	おこさ	okosa

Classical conjugation of "痴なり" (ナリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	痴なら	をこなら	woko nara
Continuative (連用形)	痴に^[1] 痴なり^[2]	をこにをこなり	woko ni woko nari
Terminal (終止形)	痴なり	をこなり	woko nari
Attributive (連体形)	痴なる	をこなる	woko naru
Realis (已然形)	痴なれ	をこなれ	woko nare
Imperative (命令形)	痴なれ	をこなれ	woko nare
Key constructions
Negative	痴ならず	をこならず	woko narazu
Contrasting conjunction	痴なれど	をこなれど	woko naredo
Causal conjunction	痴なれば	をこなれば	woko nareba
Conditional conjunction	痴ならば	をこならば	woko naraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	痴なりき	をこなりき	woko nariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	痴なりけり	をこなりけり	woko narikeri
Adverbial	痴に	をこに	woko ni
^[1]Without auxiliary verb. ^[2]With auxiliary verb.

Noun

痴(おこ) • (oko) ^{←をこ (woko)^?}

Derived terms

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

痴 (eum 치 (chi))

Alternative form of 癡

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

痴: Hán Nôm readings: si, sy, se

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

[KDJ-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]