洞

洞	U+6D1E, 洞 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6D1E

洞	U+FA05, 洞 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA05

← 宅
[U+FA04]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

暴 →
[U+FA06]

Translingual

Han character

Stroke order

洞 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 水月一口 (EBMR), four-corner 3712₀, composition ⿰氵同)

Derived characters

霘, 𪔦, 𢞉

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 620, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17386
Dae Jaweon: page 1016, character 7
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1607, character 3
Unihan data for U+6D1E

Unihan data for U+FA05

Chinese

simp. and trad.		洞

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (同) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
鮦	duʔ, doːŋ, *doŋʔ
侗	tʰoːŋ, tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ
恫	tʰoːŋ, doːŋs
痌	*tʰoːŋ
同	*doːŋ
仝	zlon, doːŋ
銅	*doːŋ
桐	*doːŋ
峒	doːŋ, doːŋs
硐	doːŋ, doːŋʔ
筒	doːŋ, doːŋs
洞	doːŋ, doːŋs
烔	*doːŋ
挏	doːŋ, doːŋʔ
酮	doːŋ, doːŋʔ
鲖
眮	doːŋ, doːŋʔ, *doːŋs
衕	doːŋ, doːŋs
哃	*doːŋ
絧	doːŋ, doːŋs
姛	*doːŋʔ
詷	doːŋʔ, doːŋs
胴	*doːŋs
駧	*doːŋs
迵	*doːŋs
戙	*doːŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *doːŋ, *doːŋs) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 同 (OC *doːŋ).

Etymology

“hole; cavity” > “penetrating; thorough; zero”: From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dwa(ː)ŋ (“hole; orifice; cave; pit; well”). Cognate with Burmese တွင်း (twang:), Tibetan དོང (dong, “deep hole; pit”) and Jingpho kha-thung (“well, pit”).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): dòng (dong⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): dong⁴

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): дун (dun, III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dung⁶ / dung^6-2

(Taishan, Wiktionary): uung⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): tung⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): thung

(Meixian, Guangdong): tung⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): dung³
Northern Min (KCR): dō̤ng
Eastern Min (BUC): dâe̤ng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tōng / tāng

(Teochew, Peng'im): dang⁷ / tong⁷
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁶don
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dong⁴ / dong⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dòng
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dòng
  - Wade–Giles: tung⁴
  - Yale: dùng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: donq
  - Palladius: дун (dun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: dong⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: dung
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /toŋ²¹³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: дун (dun, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuŋ⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: dung⁶ / dung^6-2
  - Yale: duhng / dúng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dung⁶ / dung^6-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: dung⁶ / dung^6-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ²²/, /tʊŋ²²⁻³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: uung⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɵŋ³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: tung⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰuŋ¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thung
  - Hakka Romanization System: tung
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tung⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: tung⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰʊŋ⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: dung³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /tuŋ⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dō̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɔŋ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dâe̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɔyŋ²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tōng
  - Tâi-lô: tōng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dong
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāng
  - Tâi-lô: tāng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dang
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /taŋ²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dang⁷ / tong⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tāng / thōng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /taŋ¹¹/, /tʰoŋ¹¹/

Note:

dang7 - vernacular;
tong7 - literary.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁶don
  - MiniDict: don^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³don
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /doŋ²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /doŋ²³¹/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: dong⁴ / dong⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /tʊŋ⁴⁵/, /tʊŋ²¹/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /tən⁴⁵/, /tən²¹/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 洞
Mandarin	Beijing	/tuŋ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/tuŋ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/tuŋ⁵³/
	Jinan	/tuŋ²¹/
	Qingdao	/təŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/tuŋ³¹²/
	Xi'an	/tuŋ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/tuə̃²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/tuŋ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/tũn¹³/
	Ürümqi	/tuŋ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/toŋ³⁵/
	Chengdu	/toŋ¹³/
	Guiyang	/toŋ²¹³/
	Kunming	/toŋ¹/
	Nanjing	/toŋ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/təŋ²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/tuəŋ⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/tuŋ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/tũŋ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/doŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/doŋ³¹/
	Hangzhou	/doŋ¹³/
	Wenzhou	/doŋ²²/
Hui	Shexian	/tʰʌ̃²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/tan¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/toŋ⁵⁵/ /toŋ¹¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/dən²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/tʰuŋ²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/tʰuŋ⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/tʰuŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/toŋ²²/
	Nanning	/tuŋ²²/
	Hong Kong	/tuŋ²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/tɔŋ²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/tɔyŋ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/tɔŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/taŋ³¹/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ʔdoŋ³³/ /ʔdoŋ²³/ ～房

Middle Chinese: duwngH

Rime
Character	洞
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒弄切
Baxter	duwngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/duŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/duŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/duŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dəwŋ^H/
Li Rong	/duŋ^H/
Wang Li	/duŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/dʱuŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dung⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*doːŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	洞
Reading #	2/2
No.	12469
Phonetic component	同
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	洞
Old Chinese	/*doːŋs/

Definitions

洞

hole; cavity; cave
(literary, or in compounds) thorough; penetrating
the numeral zero (used in radio communications in aviation and by the military)
dong, a submunicipal administrative division in North and South Korea

Synonyms

(hole):

Dialectal synonyms of 孔 (“hole”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		孔, 洞, 穴
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		孔, 洞, 孔洞, 空洞, 空穴, 窿
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	窟窿
Northeastern Mandarin	Singapore	洞
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	窟窿
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	窟窿
	Wanrong	窟窿
	Xi'an	窟窿子, 窟窿
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	窟窿, 洞洞, 洞
	Wuhan	窟窿, 窟眼, 洞洞, 洞
	Liuzhou	窿
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	窟窿
	Yangzhou	洞, 窟窿
	Hefei	窟窿, 洞
Cantonese	Guangzhou	窿, 咕窿
	Hong Kong	窿, 咕窿
	Taishan	孔
	Yangjiang	窿
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	窿
	Singapore (Guangfu)	窿
Gan	Nanchang	洞
Hakka	Meixian	窿仔, 窿空仔
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	空
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	空
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	空
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	空
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	空
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	空
Jin	Taiyuan	窟窿, 窟子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	川
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	空空
Southern Min	Xiamen	空, 空口
	Quanzhou	空
	Zhangzhou	空口
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	空
	Taipei	空
	Penang (Hokkien)	空
	Singapore (Hokkien)	空
	Manila (Hokkien)	空
	Chaozhou	空
	Jieyang	空, 洞
	Haifeng	空
	Singapore (Teochew)	空
	Singapore (Hainanese)	空
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	窿
Wu	Suzhou	洞
	Wenzhou	洞, 窟, 窟窿
	Jinhua	窟窿
Xiang	Changsha	洞, 洞子
Xiang	Shuangfeng	眼貢, 洞

(zero):

Dialectal synonyms of 零 (“zero”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		零, 洞 as a digit
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	零
	Taiwan	零
	Harbin	零
	Malaysia	零
	Singapore	零
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	零
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	零
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	零
	Xi'an	零
	Xining	零
	Xuzhou	零
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	零
	Lanzhou	零
	Ürümqi	零
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	零
	Wuhan	零
	Guiyang	零
	Liuzhou	零
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	零
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	零
Cantonese	Guangzhou	零
	Hong Kong	零
	Macau	零
	Dongguan	零
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	零
	Singapore (Guangfu)	零
Gan	Lichuan	零
Gan	Pingxiang	零
Hakka	Meixian	零
	Yudu	零
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	零
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	零
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	零
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	零
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	零
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	零
Huizhou	Jixi	零
Jin	Taiyuan	零
Jin	Xinzhou	零
Northern Min	Jian'ou	零
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	零, 環
Southern Min	Xiamen	空, 零
	Quanzhou	空
	Zhangzhou	空
	Taipei	空
	Kaohsiung	空
	Tainan	空
	Penang (Hokkien)	空
	Singapore (Hokkien)	空
	Manila (Hokkien)	空
	Chaozhou	空
	Shantou	空
	Singapore (Teochew)	空
	Batam (Teochew)	空
	Leizhou	零
	Wenchang	空, 零
	Haikou	空, 零
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	零
Wu	Shanghai	零
	Shanghai (Chongming)	零
	Suzhou	零
	Hangzhou	零
	Ningbo	零
	Wenzhou	零
	Jinhua	零

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tóng (tong²)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tung⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tóng
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tóng
  - Wade–Giles: tʻung²
  - Yale: túng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: torng
  - Palladius: тун (tun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: tung⁴
  - Yale: tùhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tung⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: tung⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ²¹/

Middle Chinese: duwng

Rime
Character	洞
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒紅切
Baxter	duwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/duŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/duŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/duŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dəwŋ/
Li Rong	/duŋ/
Wang Li	/duŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/dʱuŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tung⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*doːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	洞
Reading #	1/2
No.	12453
Phonetic component	同
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	同
Old Chinese	/*doːŋ/

Definitions

洞

Only used in 澒洞／𭱊洞 (hòngtóng) and 洪洞 (Hóngtóng, “Hongtong”).

References

“洞”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

洞

(Jōyō kanji)

Cave, den, grotto

Readings

Go-on: ずう (zū)
Kan-on: とう (tō)
Kan’yō-on: どう (dō, Jōyō)
Kun: うつろ (utsuro, 洞)、うつろ (utsuro, 洞ろ)、ふかい (fukai)、ほがらか (hogaraka)、ほら (hora, 洞, Jōyō)、みぬく (minuku)

Compounds

洞窟(どうくつ) (dōkutsu)
洞察(どうさつ) (dōsatsu)
洞簫(どうしょう) (dōshō): xiao (Chinese flute)

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 洞 (MC duwngH).

Historical readings

Recorded as Middle Korean 또ᇰ〮 (Yale: ttwóng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Recorded as Middle Korean 동 (twong)^訓 (Yale: twong) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [to̞(ː)ŋ]
Phonetic hangul: [동(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

洞

Wikisource

洞 (eumhun 골 동 (gol dong))

hanja form^? of 동 (“hole; cavity; cave”)
hanja form^? of 동 (“dong, a submunicipal administrative division in North and South Korea”)

Compounds

동리(洞里) (dongni)
동굴(洞窟) (donggul)
동장(洞長) (dongjang)
공동(空洞) (gongdong)
대동(大洞) (Daedong)
동내(洞內) (dongnae)
동문(洞門) (dongmun)
동방(洞房) (dongbang)
동내방내(洞內坊內) (dongnaebangnae)

Etymology 2

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [tʰo̞(ː)ŋ]
Phonetic hangul: [통(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

洞 (eumhun 밝을 통 (balgeul tong))

hanja form^? of 통 (“bright; thorough; penetrating”)

Compounds

통찰(洞察) (tongchal)
통견(洞見) (tonggyeon)
통달(洞達) (tongdal)
통촉(洞燭) (tongchok)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

洞: Hán Nôm readings: đọng, động, đùng, dộng, dọng, đỗng

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.