札

See also: 箚

札	U+672D, 札 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-672D

← 本
[U+672C]

CJK Unified Ideographs

朮 →
[U+672E]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

札 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 木山 (DU), four-corner 4291₀, composition ⿰木乚)

Derived characters

𡥑, 𢫄, 㳐, 𧉹, 𨥼, 𫴺, 𤵦, 紮, 蚻, 𩿤, 𫛠

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 509, character 11
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14422
Dae Jaweon: page 893, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1153, character 1
Unihan data for U+672D

Chinese

simp. and trad.		札

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 札
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Jizhuan Guwen Yunhai (compiled in Song)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (乙) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
劜	*qreːd
札	*sqriːd
扎	*sqriːd
蚻	*ʔsriːd
紮	*ʔsriːd
軋	*qriːd
圠	*qriːd
穵	qriːd, qʷriːd
挖	*qʷriːd
鳦	qriːd, qrid
耴	ŋrid, teb
乙	*qriɡ
肊	*qrɯɡ

Etymology

“to die prematurely; pestilence; to die from pestilence”: The commentary to the Rites of Zhou by Zheng Xuan says that it is the word for “to die” in the ancient Yue (越) language, so it is possibly from Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *kc(ə)t (“to die”) (whence Proto-Vietic *k-ceːt > Vietnamese chết) (Norman and Mei, 1976; Schuessler, 2007).; Sagart (2008) doubts this etymology, pointing out that this word has been attested in classical texts that are not necessarily connected to Yue or the South. He instead proposes that this word may be a Chinese loan in Yue or the regular word for “to die” in the variety of Chinese spoken in the Yue region.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhá (zha²)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄚˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zaat³
Eastern Min (BUC): cák
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chat

(Teochew, Peng'im): zab⁴ / zag⁴
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷tsaq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhá
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄚˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhá
  - Wade–Giles: cha²
  - Yale: já
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jar
  - Palladius: чжа (čža)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂä³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zaat³
  - Yale: jaat
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzaat⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: zad³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːt̚³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cák
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɑʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chat
  - Tâi-lô: tsat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zad
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sat̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sat̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sat̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sat̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sat̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zab⁴ / zag⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsap / tsak
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sap̚²/, /t͡sak̚²/

Note: zag4 - Shantou, Chenghai.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁷tsaq
  - MiniDict: tsah^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴tsaq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡saʔ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: tsreat

Rime
Character	札
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	莊 (18)
Final (韻)	鎋 (75)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	側八切
Baxter	tsreat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃˠɛt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂᵚæt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂəɨt̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃɛt̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃæt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂat̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zha
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zaat³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-qˤrət/

(Zhengzhang): /*sqriːd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	札
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhá
Middle Chinese	‹ tsrɛt ›
Old Chinese	/*s-qˁrət/
English	strip (n.), tablet
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	札
Reading #	1/1
No.	14910
Phonetic component	乙
Rime group	質
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	札
Old Chinese	/*sqriːd/

Definitions

札

letter; note
- 客從遠方來，遺我一書札。 [MSC, trad.]
  客从远方来，遗我一书札。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 〈古詩十九首之第十七首．孟冬寒氣至〉"Nineteen Old Poems' No. 17: Early Winter Month's Cold Air is Come" in 《文選 (wénxuǎn)》 Selections of Refined Literature.
  Kè cóng yuǎnfāng lái, yí wǒ yī shūzhá. [Pinyin]
  A visitor from afar came and left me a letter.
correspondence
^† to die prematurely
^† pestilence
^† to die from pestilence
^† small wooden strip for writing

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

札

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

bill
card

Readings

Go-on: せち (sechi)
Kan-on: さつ (satsu, Jōyō)
Kun: ふだ (fuda, 札, Jōyō)、ふみた (fumita, 札)、ふんだ (funda, 札)、さね (sane, 札)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
札
さつ Grade: 4
on'yomi

/satu/ → /sat͡su/

From Middle Chinese 札 (MC tsreat).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) さつ [sáꜜtsù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [sa̠t͡sɨ]

Noun

札(さつ) • (satsu)

paper money, a bill, a (bank) note

Synonyms

紙(し)幣(へい) (shihei)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
札
ふだ Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
簡

/pumi ita/ → /ɸumita/ → /ɸunda/ → /ɸuda/

Originally a compound of 文(ふみ) (fumi, “writing”) + 板(いた) (ita, “board, plank”).^[1]^[2]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ふだ [fùdá] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[3]
IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟da̠]

Noun

札(ふだ) or 札(ふみだ) or 札(ふんだ) • (fuda or fumida or funda)

a card, a plate, a tag
playing card
一組(ひとくみ)の札(ふだ)
hitokumi no fuda
a deck of cards

Derived terms

引(ひ)き札(ふだ) (hikifuda)
方言(ほうげん)札(ふだ) (hōgenfuda)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

札 • (chal) (hangeul 찰, revised chal, McCune–Reischauer ch'al, Yale chal)

letter

Compounds

鄕札 (향찰, hyangchal)

Vietnamese

Han character

札: Hán Nôm readings: trát, trớt

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJ-2] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]