押

押	U+62BC, 押 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-62BC

Translingual

Han character

押 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 手田中 (QWL), four-corner 5605₀, composition ⿰扌甲)

Derived characters

𠶟

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 424, character 7
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11929
Dae Jaweon: page 772, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1851, character 8
Unihan data for U+62BC

Chinese

simp. and trad.		押

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (甲) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
笚	ʔl'aːb, ɡraːb
閘	klaːb, sɡreːb, *qraːb
鉀	klaːb, kraːb
甲	*kraːb
胛	*kraːb
岬	*kraːb
押	kraːb, qraːb
玾	*kraːb
呷	*qʰraːb
匣	*ɡraːb
狎	*ɡraːb
柙	*ɡraːb
翈	*ɡraːb
炠	*ɡraːb
鴨	*qraːb
庘	*qraːb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraːb, *qraːb) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 甲 (OC *kraːb).

Etymology

Cognate with 壓 (OC *qreːb) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yā (ya¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄚ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): aat³ / aap³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): at¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ap
Eastern Min (BUC): ák
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ah / ap

(Teochew, Peng'im): ah⁴ / ab⁴
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁷aq; ⁷khaq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yā
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ya
  - Wade–Giles: ya¹
  - Yale: yā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ia
  - Palladius: я (ja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jä⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: aat³ / aap³
  - Yale: aat / aap
  - Cantonese Pinyin: aat⁸ / aap⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: ad³ / ab³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /aːt̚³/, /aːp̚³/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: at¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /at̚³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ap
  - Hakka Romanization System: ab^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ab⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /ap̚²/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ák
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɑʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ah / ap
  - Tâi-lô: ah / ap
  - Phofsit Daibuun: aq, ab
  - IPA (Xiamen): /aʔ³²/, /ap̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /aʔ⁵/, /ap̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /aʔ³²/, /ap̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /aʔ³²/, /ap̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /aʔ³²/, /ap̚³²/

Note:

ah - vernacular (“to pawn; to send under escort; to sign (Taiwan); to arrest (Mainland China); to force”);
ap - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: ah⁴ / ab⁴
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ah / ap
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /aʔ²/, /ap̚²/

Note: ab4 - “to rhyme”.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁷aq; ⁷khaq
  - MiniDict: ah^入; khah^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴aq; ⁴khaq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /aʔ⁵⁵/, /kʰaʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɑʔ⁴³/, /kʰɑʔ⁴³/

Note: 4khaq - used in 押牌九.

Middle Chinese: 'aep, kaep

Rime
Character	押	押
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	狎 (150)	狎 (150)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	烏甲切	古狎切
Baxter	'aep	kaep
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠap̚/	/kˠap̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚap̚/	/kᵚap̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔap̚/	/kap̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔaɨp̚/	/kaɨp̚/
Li Rong	/ʔap̚/	/kap̚/
Wang Li	/ap̚/	/kap̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔap̚/	/kap̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ya	jia
Expected Cantonese Reflex	aap³	gaap³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔˤrep/

(Zhengzhang): /*kraːb/, /*qraːb/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	押
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yā
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔæp ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔˁrep/
English	to seal, stamp
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	押	押
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	5934	5945
Phonetic component	甲	甲
Rime group	盍	盍
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	甲	鴨
Old Chinese	/*kraːb/	/*qraːb/

Definitions

押

(finance) to mortgage; to pledge; to pawn
to arrest; to detain; to guard; to take into custody
to send under escort; to accompany
signature; seal; mark
to sign; to seal; to mark (a document, contract, etc.)
to take charge of; to control
to stake; to bet
to rhyme
(Hokkien) to force; to compel; to coerce
a surname: Ya
Alternative form of 壓／压

Synonyms

(to mortgage): 抵押 (dǐyā)
(to arrest):

edit

扣 (kòu)
扣押 (kòuyā)
扣留 (kòuliú)
拘留 (jūliú)
拘禁 (jūjìn)
收押 (shōuyā)
看押 (kānyā)
羈押／羁押 (jīyā) (formal)

(to rhyme):

edit

合轍／合辙 (hézhé)
壓韻／压韵 (yāyùn)
押韻／押韵 (yāyùn)
格聯兒／格联儿 (Luoyang)

(to force):

edit

劫 (jié) (literary, or in compounds)
勒
勒逼 (lèbī)
強制／强制 (qiángzhì)
強迫／强迫
強逼／强逼 (qiǎngbī)
緊逼／紧逼 (jǐnbī)
脅迫／胁迫 (xiépò)
迫
迫使 (pòshǐ)
逼
逼迫 (bīpò)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

押

(Jōyō kanji)

push

Readings

Go-on: きょう (kyō)^{←けふ (kefu, historical)}、よう (yō)^{←えふ (efu, historical)}
Kan-on: おう (ō, Jōyō)^{←あふ (afu, historical)}、こう (kō)^{←かふ (kafu, historical)}
Kun: おす (osu, 押す, Jōyō)、おさえる (osaeru, 押さえる, Jōyō)、おし (oshi, 押)

Compounds

押(おっ)忍(す), 押(お)っ忍(す) (ossu)
押(おう)収(しゅう) (ōshū)

Antonyms

引 (“pull”)

Kanji in this term
押
おう Grade: S
on'yomi

Affix

押(おう) • (ō) ^{←あふ (afu)^?}

to push; to press

Korean

Hanja

押 • (ap, gap) (hangeul 압, 갑, revised ap, gap, McCune–Reischauer ap, kap, Yale ap, kap)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Kunigami

Kanji

押

(Jōyō kanji)

Kun: ふすん (fusun, 押ん)

Miyako

Kanji

押

(Jōyō kanji)

Kun: うす (usu, 押す)

Okinawan

Kanji

押

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

Kun: うすん (usun, 押すん)

Tày

Noun

押 (cáp)

Nôm form of cáp (“intersection”).
伩跒沃垱押我𠀧
Dò kha oóc tàng cáp ngạ ba
Lift one's legs and venture to where roads meet

Verb

押 (áp; cáp)

Nôm form of áp (“to force, to pressure”).
篤押夸及娘𱽗免
Đốc áp khoả cắp nàng rầư mến
Force boys and girls to love each other
Nôm form of cáp (“to befriend”).
𱐍略本押伴略𫶾
Dú lược bản, cáp bạn lược cần
If you want to live, choose a place; if you want to make friends, choose people

References

Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎^[1] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Vietnamese

Han character

押: Hán Nôm readings: áp, ắp, ép, ẹp, ét, ếp, ghép, giẹp, ốp, ướp

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Yaeyama

Kanji

押

(Jōyō kanji)

Kun: うすん (usun, 押すん)