妓

妓	U+5993, 妓 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5993

Translingual

Han character

妓 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 女十水 (VJE), four-corner 4444₇, composition ⿰女支)

Derived characters

𣇠

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 256, character 17
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6083
Dae Jaweon: page 520, character 15
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1029, character 17
Unihan data for U+5993

Chinese

trad.		妓
simp. ^#		妓

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 妓
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (支) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
支	*kje
枝	*kje
肢	*kje
汥	kje, ɡe, *ɡres
衼	*kje
馶	kje, qʰjes, kes, ɡe
鳷	*kje
忮	*kjes
伎	kjes, ɡe, *ɡreʔ
豉	*ɡjes
翅	*qʰjes
翄	qʰjes, ɡe
妓	kre, ɡreʔ
庋	kreʔ, kʷreʔ
跂	kʰeʔ, kʰes, *ɡe
蚑	kʰes, ɡe
吱	*kʰes
岐	*ɡe
歧	*ɡe
鬾	ɡre, ɡres
技	*ɡreʔ
芰	*ɡres
攱	kʷreʔ, kʷres
庪	*kʷreʔ
頍	*kʰʷeʔ
屐	*ɡreɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kre, *ɡreʔ) : semantic 女 + phonetic 支 (OC *kje).

Etymology

Attested earliest in Shuowen Jiezi and Wèi-Jìn period's literature (possible pronunciations *kɨe or *gɨeX); a hypohetical OC form would be *kre (Schuessler, 2007).

Apparently loaned from Vietic (ancient 越 (yuè) in southern China). Compare Proto-Vietic *-keːʔ (“woman, female”) (whence Vietnamese cái (“female”) & gái (“girl, female”)), elsewhere in Mon-Khmer, Proto-Waic *krih girl", Proto-North-Bahnaric *kdri: "female". Alternatively, Wang (1982) relates this to 技 (jì, “skill”), yet this may be folk etymology (ibid.).

Schuessler also points to other foreign words which meant "woman, girl" yet referred to women of low social standing in ancient China; e.g. 嬖 (bì), 嬯 (tái) (ibid.).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jì (ji⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gei⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kî
Northern Min (KCR): gī / gí
Eastern Min (BUC): gê
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kī / ki

(Teochew, Peng'im): gi⁶
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵ci

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jì
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jì
  - Wade–Giles: chi⁴
  - Yale: jì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
  - Palladius: цзи (czi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gei⁶
  - Yale: geih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gei⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: géi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kî
  - Hakka Romanization System: gi^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ki²⁴/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gī / gí
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki⁵⁵/, /ki⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gê
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɛi²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kī / ki
  - Tâi-lô: kī / ki
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ki, ky
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ki²²/, /ki⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ki⁴¹/, /ki³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki²²/, /ki⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ki³³/, /ki⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki³³/, /ki⁴⁴/

Note:

kī - literary;
ki - vernacular (俗).

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: gi⁶
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kĭ
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki³⁵/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵ci
  - MiniDict: ci^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ji
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕi³⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 妓
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕi⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕi⁵³/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕi²¹/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕi²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕi³¹²/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
	Xining	/t͡ɕji²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕi¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕi¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕi²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕi³⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕi¹³/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕi²¹³/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕi²¹²/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/t͡sz̩⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕi⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕi³⁵/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/d͡ʑi²³/
	Suzhou	/d͡ʑi³¹/
	Hangzhou	/d͡ʑi²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/d͡zz̩³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰi²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡ɕi⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰi²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰi⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ki²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kei²²/
	Nanning	/ki²²/
	Hong Kong	/kei²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/ki²²/ /ki⁵⁵/ 俗
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kɛi²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/ki⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/ki³⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ki³⁵/

Middle Chinese: gjeX

Rime
Character	妓
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	支 (13)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	渠綺切
Baxter	gjeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiᴇ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚiɛ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiɛ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjiə̆^X/
Li Rong	/ɡje^X/
Wang Li	/ɡǐe^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/gie̯^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gei⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡreʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	妓
Reading #	2/2
No.	17230
Phonetic component	支
Rime group	支
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	技
Old Chinese	/*ɡreʔ/

Definitions

妓

(literary) female entertainer; female performer of song and dance
prostitute

Synonyms

(both senses): 娼 (chāng)

Compounds

包妓
召妓 (zhàojì)
名妓 (míngjì)
妓人
妓女 (jìnǚ)
妓嫲
妓師／妓师
妓弟
妓院 (jìyuàn)
娼妓 (chāngjì)
嫖妓 (piáojì)
官妓 (guānjì)
家妓
歌妓 (gējì)
流妓
藝妓／艺妓 (yìjì)
角妓
軍妓／军妓 (jūnjì)
雛妓／雏妓 (chújì)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jī (ji¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jī
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ji
  - Wade–Giles: chi¹
  - Yale: jī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ji
  - Palladius: цзи (czi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: kje

Rime
Character	妓
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	支 (13)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居宜切
Baxter	kje
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚiɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/kiɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kjiə̆/
Li Rong	/kje/
Wang Li	/kǐe/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gei¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kre/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	妓
Reading #	1/2
No.	17213
Phonetic component	支
Rime group	支
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	羈
Old Chinese	/*kre/

Definitions

妓

Used in 妓姕.

Japanese

Kanji

妓

(Hyōgai kanji)

geisha; prostitute

Readings

Go-on: ぎ (gi)
Kan-on: き (ki)
Kun: あそびめ (asobime)、こ (ko)、わざおぎ (wazaogi)

Compounds

愛妓(あいぎ) (aigi)
歌妓(かぎ) (kagi)
歌舞妓(かぶき) (kabuki)
官妓(かんぎ) (kangi)
妓生(キーセン) (kīsen), 妓生(ぎせい) (gisei)
妓院(ぎいん) (giin)
妓家(ぎか) (gika)
妓楽(ぎがく) (gigaku)
妓館(ぎかん) (gikan)
妓女(ぎじょ) (gijo)
妓籍(ぎせき) (giseki)
妓名(ぎめい) (gimei)
妓夫(ぎゅう) (gyū), 妓夫(ぎふ) (gifu)
妓楼(ぎろう) (girō)
芸妓(げいぎ) (geigi)
芸娼妓(げいしょうぎ) (geishōgi)
絃妓(げんぎ) (gengi)
狎妓(こうぎ) (kōgi)
小妓(しょうぎ) (shōgi)
娼妓(しょうぎ) (shōgi)
新妓(しんこ) (shinko)
雛妓(すうぎ) (sūgi)
声妓(せいぎ) (seigi)
美妓(びぎ) (bigi)
舞妓(ぶぎ) (bugi): female dancer
舞妓(まいこ) (maiko): dancing girl, particularly a maiko
名妓(めいぎ) (meigi)
老妓(ろうぎ) (rōgi)

Kanji in this term
妓
ぎ Hyōgai
on'yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 妓 (“female entertainer”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ぎ [gíꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɡʲi]

Noun

妓(ぎ) • (gi)

female entertainer

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 妓 (MC gjeX). Recorded as Middle Korean 기〯 (kǐ) (Yale: ki) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

妓

Wikisource

妓 (eumhun 기생 기 (gisaeng gi))

hanja form^? of 기 (“prostitute”)

Compounds

묘기 (妙妓, myogi)
가기 (歌妓, gagi)
명기 (名妓, myeonggi)
기생 (妓生, gisaeng)
기녀 (妓女, ginyeo)
무기 (舞妓, mugi)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

妓: Hán Việt readings: kĩ, kỹ
妓: Nôm readings: kĩ, kỹ, đĩ

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]