墓地

Chinese

		tomb	earth; ground; field earth; ground; field; place; land; (subor. part. adverbial); ‑ly
trad. (墓地)		墓	地
simp. ^#(墓地)		墓	地

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mùdì

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˋ ㄉㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mou⁶ dei⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mu-thi
Jin (Wiktionary): mu³ di³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bō͘-tōe / bōng-tōe / bōng-tē

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mùdì
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˋ ㄉㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mùdì
  - Wade–Giles: mu⁴-ti⁴
  - Yale: mù-dì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muhdih
  - Palladius: муди (mudi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    墓地
    目的
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mou⁶ dei⁶
  - Yale: mouh deih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁶ dei⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: mou⁶ déi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²² tei̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mu-thi
  - Hakka Romanization System: mu ti
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mu⁴ ti⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /mu⁵⁵ tʰi⁵⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: mu³ di³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /mu⁴⁵ ti⁴⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bō͘-tōe
  - Tâi-lô: bōo-tuē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: boxdoe
  - IPA (Taipei): /bɔ³³⁻¹¹ tue³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔ⁴¹⁻²² tue⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bɔ²²⁻²¹ tue²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bōng-tōe
  - Tâi-lô: bōng-tuē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: boxngdoe
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bɔŋ²²⁻²¹ tue²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bōng-tē
  - Tâi-lô: bōng-tē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: boxngde
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔŋ²²⁻²¹ te²²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔŋ³³⁻²¹ te³³/

Noun

墓地

cemetery; graveyard; necropolis

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 墳地 (“graveyard; cemetery”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		墳地, 墳場, 墓地, 墳塋, 墓塋
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	墳地
	Taiwan	墓地, 墳場
	Chengde	墳塋地
	Chifeng	墳地
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	墳塋地
	Heihe	墳地, 墳塋地
	Qiqihar	墳地, 墳塋地
	Harbin	墳地, 墳圈子
	Jiamusi	墳地, 墳塋地, 墳圈子
	Baicheng	墳塋地
	Changchun	墳塋地
	Tonghua	墳塋地
	Shenyang	墳地, 墳塋地
	Jinzhou	墳地, 墳塋地, 陰宅
	Singapore	墳場
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	墳地
	Tangshan	墳地, 墳塋地
	Cangzhou	墳地
	Baoding	墳地
	Shijiazhuang	墳地
	Lijin	墳地, 塋地
	Jinan	墳地, 林地
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	墳塋地, 塋盤
	Dandong	墳地, 墳塋地, 墳圈子
	Yantai	塋地
	Yantai (Muping)	塋地
	Qingdao	墳地, 塋地
	Zhucheng	林地, 塋地
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	墳, 墳地, 塋地
	Lingbao	墳地
	Jining	林地, 塋地
	Wanrong	墳地
	Linfen	墳
	Shangqiu	墳地
	Yuanyang	墳地
	Zhengzhou	墳地
	Xinyang	墳地
	Baihe	墳地
	Xi'an	墳地, 墳塋
	Baoji	墳地
	Tianshui	墳地, 墳院
	Xining	墳地, 墳灘
	Xuzhou	墳地, 林地, 老林, 林, 陰宅
	Fuyang	墳地, 塋地
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	墳地
	Lanzhou	墳地, 墳塋, 墳灘
	Dunhuang	墳院
	Hami	塋地
	Ürümqi	墳地, 墳院
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	墳地, 陰地
	Nanchong	墳地
	Dazhou	墳地
	Hanyuan	墳山
	Xichang	墳地
	Zigong	墳垻兒, 墳山
	Chongqing	墳山包包, 墳坡坡
	Wuhan	墳地, 墳場子, 墳場
	Yichang	墳地
	Xiangyang	墳地
	Tianmen	墳地
	Guiyang	墳地, 墳山, 陰地
	Zunyi	墳
	Bijie	墳地, 墳山
	Liping	亂葬祖
	Zhaotong	墳院地, 墳山
	Dali	墳地
	Kunming	墳地
	Mengzi	墳山
	Guilin	墳地
	Liuzhou	墳地
	Jishou	墳地
	Changde	祖山
	Hanzhong	墳地, 墳院
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	墳地, 墳山
	Yangzhou	墳地, 墳灘
	Lianyungang	塋院地
	Lianshui	墳地, 亂坑
	Nantong	墳地
	Anqing	墳地
	Wuhu	墳地
	Hefei	墳地
	Hong'an	墳山
Cantonese	Guangzhou	墳山
	Hong Kong	墳場, 墓園
	Dongguan	墳地
Gan	Lichuan	墳山
Gan	Pingxiang	地
Hakka	Meixian	地
	Yudu	地, 風水
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	墓地, 塚埔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	墓地, 塚埔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	墓地, 塚埔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	墓地, 塚埔
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	墓地, 塚埔
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	埔地, 塚埔
Huizhou	Shexian	墳地
Jin	Taiyuan	墳地, 墓地
	Yangyuan	墳地, 墳塋
	Datong	墳地
	Xinzhou	墳地, 墳兒, 墳盤子
	Lüliang (Lishi)	墳地
	Changzhi	墳地
	Linhe	墳地
	Jining	墳地
	Hohhot	墳地
	Erenhot	墳地
	Pingshan	墳地
	Zhangjiakou	墳地
	Handan	墳地, 塋地
	Linzhou	墳地, 塋地
	Suide	墳地
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	墓地
Southern Min	Xiamen	墓地, 塚地, 塚仔地, 塚仔埔
	Zhangzhou	塚地, 塚仔地, 塚仔埔
	Taipei	風水, 塚仔埔, 墓, 墓仔埔
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	風水, 墓
	Kaohsiung	風水, 塚仔埔, 墓, 墓仔埔
	Yilan	風水, 塚仔埔, 墓, 墓仔埔
	Changhua (Lukang)	崙仔頂, 塚仔埔, 墓
	Taichung	墓仔埔
	Tainan	風水, 塚仔埔, 墓, 墓仔埔
	Hsinchu	墓仔埔
	Kinmen	風水
	Penghu (Magong)	風水
	Manila (Hokkien)	新山, 義山
	Singapore (Teochew)	墳山
	Haikou	墓地
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	墳地
Wu	Shanghai (Chongming)	墳地
	Suzhou	墳地
	Danyang	墳山
	Hangzhou	墳地
	Wenzhou	墳地, 墳山
	Jinhua	墳地
Xiang	Changsha	墳地, 墳山
Xiang	Loudi	墳山

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (墓地):

→ Japanese: 墓地(ぼち) (bochi)
→ Korean: 묘지(墓地) (myoji)
→ Vietnamese: mộ địa (墓地)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
墓	地
ぼ Grade: 5	ち Grade: 2
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese compound 墓地 (mu^H dij^H, literally “grave, tomb + ground, region”). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing. Compare modern Mandarin reading mùdì, Min Nan bōng-tē.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ぼち [bóꜜchì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [bo̞t͡ɕi]

Noun

墓(ぼ)地(ち) • (bochi)

a cemetery, a graveyard

Usage notes

This reading is more common than hakachi below.

In general usage, the Chinese-derived term 墓地 (bochi) is somewhat more formal than the native-Japanese compound 墓場 (hakaba). Compare the similar English terms, with the Latin-derived cemetery and the native compound graveyard.

Synonyms

墓(はか)場(ば) (hakaba)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
墓	地
はか Grade: 5	ち Grade: 2
yutōyomi

Compound of 墓 (haka, “grave”, from Old Japanese) +‎ 地 (chi, “ground, region”, from Middle Chinese).^[3]^[2]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) はかち [hàkáchí] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
IPA^(key): [ha̠ka̠t͡ɕi]

Noun

墓(はか)地(ち) • (hakachi)

a cemetery, a graveyard

Usage notes

This reading is less common than bochi above.

Synonyms

墓(はか)場(ば) (hakaba)

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
墓	地

Noun

墓地 • (myoji) (hangeul 묘지)

hanja form^? of 묘지 (“cemetery, graveyard”)

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJ-3] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

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