冷える
Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 冷 |
| ひ Grade: 4 |
| kun'yomi |
Etymology
[edit]From the classical verb 冷ゆ (hiyu).
Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「冷える」
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
冷える | ひえる | [hìéꜜrù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 冷えろ | ひえろ | [hìéꜜrò] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 冷えられる | ひえられる | [hìéráréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 冷えさせる | ひえさせる | [hìésáséꜜrù] |
| Potential | - | - | - |
| Volitional | 冷えよう | ひえよー | [hìéyóꜜò] |
| Negative | 冷えない | ひえない | [hìéꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 冷えなかった | ひえなかった | [hìéꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 冷えます | ひえます | [hìémáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 冷えた | ひえた | [híꜜètà] |
| Conjunctive | 冷えて | ひえて | [híꜜètè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 冷えれば | ひえれば | [hìéꜜrèbà] |
Verb
[edit]冷える • (hieru) intransitive ichidan (stem 冷え (hie), past 冷えた (hieta))
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 冷やす |
| mediopassive | 冷える |
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "冷える" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 冷え | ひえ | hie | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 冷え | ひえ | hie | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 冷える | ひえる | hieru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 冷える | ひえる | hieru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 冷えれ | ひえれ | hiere | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 冷えよ¹ 冷えろ² |
ひえよ¹ ひえろ² |
hieyo¹ hiero² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 冷えられる | ひえられる | hierareru | |
| Causative | 冷えさせる 冷えさす |
ひえさせる ひえさす |
hiesaseru hiesasu | |
| Potential | 冷えられる 冷えれる³ |
ひえられる ひえれる³ |
hierareru hiereru³ | |
| Volitional | 冷えよう | ひえよう | hieyō | |
| Negative | 冷えない 冷えぬ 冷えん |
ひえない ひえぬ ひえん |
hienai hienu hien | |
| Negative continuative | 冷えず | ひえず | hiezu | |
| Formal | 冷えます | ひえます | hiemasu | |
| Perfective | 冷えた | ひえた | hieta | |
| Conjunctive | 冷えて | ひえて | hiete | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 冷えれば | ひえれば | hiereba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN