体言

See also: 體言

Chinese

For pronunciation and definitions of 体言 – see 體言 (“uninflected/indeclinable word, indeclinable nominal”). (This term is the simplified form of 體言).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
体	言
たい Grade: 2	げん Grade: 2
goon	kan'on

Alternative spelling
體言 (kyūjitai)

Etymology

Coinage in Japanese from Middle Chinese-derived components, as a compound of 体 (tai, “body”) +‎ 言 (gen, “word”), literally “substantive word”.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] Compare English substantive.

In Japanese grammar, contrasts with 用言 (yōgen, “inflecting word”, literally “function word”). See also the dichotomy of 体用 (taiyō, “substance and function”).

First cited in 1851.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) たいげん [táꜜìgèǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[3]^[4]^[5]
IPA^(key): [ta̠iɡẽ̞ɴ]

Noun

体(たい)言(げん) • (taigen)

[from 1851] (grammar) a Japanese or Korean word that does not inflect and can be used as a grammatical subject
Hypernym: 自立語 (jiritsugo, “independent word, free-standing word”)

Hyponyms: 数詞 (sūshi, “numeral”), 代名詞 (daimeishi, “pronoun”), 名詞 (meishi, “noun”)

Coordinate term: 用言 (yōgen, “inflecting word”)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 “体言”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
^ “体言”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[KDJ2-1] 1.0 ^1.1 “体言”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[DDJS-2] “体言”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

[DJR-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[SMK5-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-5] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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