享

See also: 亨, 亭, and 亯

享	U+4EAB, 享 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EAB

← 亪
[U+4EAA]

CJK Unified Ideographs

京 →
[U+4EAC]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

享 (Kangxi radical 8, 亠+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜口弓木 (YRND), four-corner 0040₇, composition ⿳亠口子)

Derived characters

郭孰敦

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 88, character 17
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 298
Dae Jaweon: page 187, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 284, character 8
Unihan data for U+4EAB

Chinese

simp. and trad.		享
alternative forms		亯亨

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 享
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Oracle bone script j13528 j13529 j13530 j13531 j13532 j13533 j13534 j13535 j13536 j13537 j13538 j13539 j13540 j13541 j13542 Bronze inscriptions b08333 b08334 b08335 b08336 b08337 b08338 b08339 b08340 b08341 b08342 b08343 b08344 b08345 b08346 b08347 b08348 b08349 b08350 b08351 b08352 b08353 b08354 b08355 b08356 b08357 b08358 b08359 b08360 b08361 b08362 b08363 b08364 b08365 b08366 b08367 b08368 b08369 b08370 b08371 b08372 b08373 b08374 b08375 b08376 b08377 b08378 b08379 b08380 b08381 b08382 b08383 b08384 b08385 b08386 b08387 b08388 b08389 b08390 b08391 b08392 b08393 b08394 b08395 b08396 b08397 b08398 b08399 b08400 b08401 b08402 b08403 b08404 b08405 b08406 b08408 b08409 b08410 b08411 b08412 b08413 b08414 b08415 b08416 b08417 Small seal script s03838 s03839 Transcribed ancient scripts L35082 L35083 L35084 L35085 L35086 L17490 L17491 L17492 L17493 L17494 L17495 L17496 L17497 L17498 L17499 L17500 L17501 L17502 L17503 L17504 L17505 L17506 L17507
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (亨) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
亨	qʰaŋʔ, pqʰraːŋ, *qʰraːŋ
享	*qʰaŋʔ
烹	*pqʰraːŋ
脝	*qʰraːŋ
悙	*qʰraːŋ
哼	*qʰraːŋ

An ancestral shrine. See also 亯 and 亨. Unrelated to 郭.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiǎng (xiang³)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄤˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hoeng²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hióng
Eastern Min (BUC): hiōng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hióng / hiáng

(Teochew, Peng'im): hiang²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎng
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siǎng
  - Wade–Giles: hsiang³
  - Yale: syǎng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheang
  - Palladius: сян (sjan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: hoeng²
  - Yale: héung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hoeng²
  - Guangdong Romanization: hêng²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hœːŋ³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hióng
  - Hakka Romanization System: hiong^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hiong³
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯oŋ³¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hiōng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hyoŋ³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hióng
  - Tâi-lô: hióng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiorng
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /hiɔŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiáng
  - Tâi-lô: hiáng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiarng
  - IPA (Taipei, Zhangzhou): /hiaŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiaŋ⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hiang²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiáng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiaŋ⁵²/

Middle Chinese: xjangX

Rime
Character	享
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	許兩切
Baxter	xjangX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨɐŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/hiɐŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/xiɑŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɨaŋ^X/
Li Rong	/xiaŋ^X/
Wang Li	/xĭaŋ^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xi̯aŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiǎng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hoeng²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[qʰ]ˤraŋ/, /*[qʰ]aŋʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*qʰaŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	享	享
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiǎng	xiǎng
Middle Chinese	‹ xæng ›	‹ xjang^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[qʰ]ˁraŋ/ (W dialect)	/*[qʰ]aŋʔ/
English	penetrate	offer in sacrifice; food offering
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	享
Reading #	1/1
No.	5112
Phonetic component	亨
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	響
Old Chinese	/*qʰaŋʔ/
Notes	說文亯或體

Definitions

享

to enjoy
(obsolete) to offer (to a superior); to present; to pay (a tribute)
- 昔有成湯、自彼氐羌、莫敢不來享、莫敢不來王、曰商是常。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  昔有成汤、自彼氐羌、莫敢不来享、莫敢不来王、曰商是常。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Xī yǒu chéng Tāng, zì bǐ Dǐ Qiāng, mò gǎn bùlái xiǎng, mò gǎn bùlái wáng, yuē Shāng shì cháng. [Pinyin]
  Formerly, in the time of Tang the Successful, even from the Qiang and Di, they dared not but come with their offerings; [their chiefs] dared not but come to seek the king's acknowledgment: such is the regular rule of Shang.'

Compounds

享受 (xiǎngshòu)
享國／享国 (xiǎngguó)
享堂 (xiǎngtáng)
享壽／享寿 (xiǎngshòu)
享宴
享年 (xiǎngnián)
享御
享有 (xiǎngyǒu)
享樂／享乐 (xiǎnglè)
享樂主義／享乐主义 (xiǎnglè zhǔyì)
享殿
享用 (xiǎngyòng)
享福 (xiǎngfú)
享譽／享誉 (xiǎngyù)
來享／来享
共享 (gòngxiǎng)
共享軟體／共享软体 (gòngxiǎng ruǎntǐ)
分享 (fēnxiǎng)
坐享 (zuòxiǎng)
坐享其成 (zuòxiǎngqíchéng)
安享 (ānxiǎng)
安享天年
安享餘年／安享余年
廟享／庙享
有福同享
民享 (mínxiǎng)
獨享／独享 (dúxiǎng)
獨享權益／独享权益
祭享
賓享／宾享
配享

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (享):

→ Vietnamese: hưởng (享)

Japanese

Kanji

享

(Jōyō kanji)

to enjoy
to receive
to undergo
to answer (the phone)

Readings

Go-on: こう (kō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)^{←きやう (kyau, historical)}
Kun: うける (ukeru, 享ける)、すすめる (susumeru)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 享 (MC *xjangX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	햐ᇰ〯 (Yale: hyǎng)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576	졔ᄉᆞ (Yale: cyeyso)	향 (Yale: hyang)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ça̠(ː)ŋ]
Phonetic hangul: [향(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

享

Wikisource

享 (eumhun 누릴 향 (nuril hyang))

hanja form^? of 향 (“to enjoy”) [affix]

Compounds

향락 (享樂, hyangnak)
향수 (享受, hyangsu)
향유 (享有, hyang'yu)
향년 (享年, hyangnyeon)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

享: Hán Nôm readings: hưởng

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