روشن

From Persian روزن (rowzan), روزنه (rowzane).

• IPA^(key): /roːʃən/

روشن (rōšan) m (plural رواشن (rwāšin))

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Inherited from Middle Persian lwšn' (rōšn, “light; bright, light”), from Old Persian *rauxšnā, from Proto-Iranian *ráwxšnaH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ráwkšnaH, from Proto-Indo-European *lówksneh₂ (“moon”). Doublet of رخشان (raxšân, “bright”) and لوخن (loxan, “moon, moonlight”).

Cognates include Latin lūna, Armenian լուսին (lusin), Old Church Slavonic лоуна (luna).

Readings
Classical reading?	rawšan, rōšan
Dari reading?	rawšan, rōšan
Iranian reading?	rowšan
Tajik reading?	ravšan, rüšan

• Audio (Dari):

  (file)

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Dari	روشن
Iranian Persian
Tajik	равшан, рӯшан

روشن • (rowšan) (comparative روشن‌تَر (rowšan-tar), superlative روشن‌تَرین (rowšan-tarin))

1. bright, clear
2. light
3. luminous
   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 1106:

     چون نمی‌آیند اینجا که منم
     کاندر این عز آفتاب روشنم‏

     čūn namē-āyand īnjā ki manam
     k-andar īn izz āftāb rawšanam

     How do not they come to this place where I am?
     —for in this (spiritual) glory I am the shining Sun.

4. transparent
5. lighted, lit
6. on
7. clear, conspicuous
8. sure, certain

• خاموش (xâmuš)

• روشن کردن (rowšan kardan)
• روشنی (rowšani)

• → Bengali: রওশন (roōśon)
• → Gujarati: રોશન (rośan)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: रौशन (rauśan)

  Urdu: روشن (rauśan, rośan)

• → Middle Armenian: ռօշան (ṙōšan)
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਰੋਸ਼ਨ (rośan)

  Shahmukhi script: روشن (rauśan, rośan)

• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “rōšn”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 72.
• Edelʹman, D. I. (2020) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 6, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 420
• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “روشن”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

Borrowed from Classical Persian روشن (rawšan).

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɾɔː.ʃən/, /ɾoː.ʃən/

رَوشَن or روشَن • (rauśan or rośan) (Hindi spelling रौशन or रोशन)

1. bright, shining, luminous
2. illuminated; lit, alight
3. manifest, evident, clear
4. splendid; good
5. enlightened

• رَوشَن گَر (rauśan gar, “illuminator”)
• رَوشَن دِل (rauśan dil, “enlightened heart”)

• رَوشَنی (rauśanī)

• “روشن”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “روشن”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
• Platts, John T. (1884) “روشن”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• “روشن”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.