ґ

ґ U+0491, ґ CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH UPTURN ← Ґ [U+0490] Cyrillic Ғ → [U+0492]

ґ (upper case Ґ)

1. A letter of the Cyrillic script.

• 
  Regular.
• 
  Italics.

ґ • (g) (uppercase Ґ) (italics: Ґ, ґ)

1. An alternative rare letter of the Belarusian Cyrillic alphabet. Its name is ґе (ge /ɡɛ/) and it has the sound of /g/ - voiced velar plosive. If included, it is preceded by Г and followed by Д. In modern Belarusian this letter is rarely included.

• The sound /ɡ/ is very uncommon in Belarusian, even in loanwords. It is common to pronounce /ɣ/ (or /x/ in devoiced positions) regardless of etymology.

• IPA^(key): /ɡ/

ґ • (g) (uppercase Ґ) (italics: Ґ, ґ)

1. The fifth letter of the Carpathian Rusyn alphabet, called ґе (ge), and written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Ґ ґ, Д д, Е е, Є є, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, І і, Ы ы, Ї ї, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ю ю, Я я, Ь ь, Ъ ъ

ґ • (g) (lower case, upper case Ґ)

1. The fifth letter of the Old Ruthenian alphabet, written in the Old Cyrillic script.

   Пра́вила орѳографіи… // …Четвєртоє… ни Г, вⸯмѣсто Ґ, ни вⸯпротивⸯ: яко, одиґітрїа, а не одигітрїѧ. гора а не ґора и проч. ― Právila orfohrafij… // …Četvjertoje… ni H, vměsto G, ni vprotiv: jako, odigitria, a ne odihitrija. hora a ne gora i proč. ― Orthographic rules… // …Fourth… not “Г” instead of “Ґ”, not vice versa: like “одиґітрїа”, not “одигітрїа”; “гора”, not “ґора” etc.

• The letter ґ (g) conveys the sound /ɡ/, which was also transmitted by the Cyrillic digraph кг (g) or less often by the letters g or ɣ. First used in the Peresopnytsia Gospels (1556-1561), properly introduced into the Slavic alphabet in 1619 by Meletius Smotrytsky in his “Slavonic Grammar”.

• (Old Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г (Ґ ґ), Д д, Е е, Ж ж, Ѕ ѕ, З з, Ї ї, И и (Й й), К к, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ꙋ ꙋ, Ф ф, Х х, Ѡ ѡ, Ѿ ѿ, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Ѣ ѣ, Є є, Ю ю, Ꙗ ꙗ, Ѧ ѧ, Ѫ ѫ, Ѯ ѯ, Ѱ ѱ, Ѳ ѳ, Ѵ ѵ

• Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (2000), “ґ”, in Словник української мови XVI – 1-ї пол. XVII ст. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language of 16ᵗʰ – 1ˢᵗ half of 17ᵗʰ c.] (in Ukrainian), numbers 7 (головнѣйший – десѧтина), Lviv: KIUS, →ISBN, page 125

• IPA^(key): [ɡ]

ґ • (g) (lower case, upper case Ґ)

1. The fifth letter of the Ukrainian alphabet, called ґе (ge), and written in the Cyrillic script.

• This letter was absent from official Soviet orthographies during 1933–1990, with г (h) being substituted. It remained in use outside the Soviet Union.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Ґ ґ, Д д, Е е, Є є, Ж ж, З з, И и, І і, Ї ї, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ь ь, Ю ю, Я я

• Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (2000), “ґ”, in Словник української мови XVI – 1-ї пол. XVII ст. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language of 16ᵗʰ – 1ˢᵗ half of 17ᵗʰ c.] (in Ukrainian), numbers 7 (головнѣйший – десѧтина), Lviv: KIUS, →ISBN, page 125
• Rusanivskyi, V. M., editor (2012), “ґ”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 3 (відстава́ння – ґура́льня), Kyiv: Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN

Inherited from Old Ruthenian кг (g), voiced counterpart of Proto-Slavic *kъ(n).

• IPA^(key): [ɡ]

ґ • (g) (+ dative case) (dated)

1. Alternative form of к (k)

• Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (1977), “кг”, in Словник староукраїнської мови XIV–XV ст. [Dictionary of the Old Ukrainian Language of the 14ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ cc.] (in Ukrainian), volume 1 (А – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 271
• Hrinchenko, Borys, editor (1907–1909), “ґ”, in Словарь украинского языка [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Russian), Kyiv: Kievskaya starina