ъ

ъ U+044A, ъ CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HARD SIGN ← щ [U+0449] Cyrillic ы → [U+044B]

A distinctive glyph is used for Bulgarian. It resembles the handwritten form in Russian.

ъ (upper case Ъ)

1. A letter of the Cyrillic script, called hard sign.

ъ (upper case Ъ)

1. A letter of the Old Cyrillic script, called back yer or yeru.

• 
  Regular.
• 
  Italics.
• 
  Handwritten.

ъ • (ʔ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The sixty-sixth letter of the Abaza alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Гв гв, Гъ гъ, Гъв гъв, Гъь гъь, Гь гь, Гӏ гӏ, Гӏв гӏв, Д д, Дж дж, Джв джв, Джь джь, Дз дз, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, Жв жв, Жь жь, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Кв кв, Къ къ, Къв къв, Къь къь, Кь кь, Кӏ кӏ, Кӏв кӏв, Кӏь кӏь, Л л, Ль ль, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Пӏ пӏ, Р р, С с, Т т, Тл тл, Тш тш, Тӏ тӏ, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Хв хв, Хъ хъ, Хъв хъв, Хь хь, Хӏ хӏ, Хӏв хӏв, Ц ц, Цӏ цӏ, Ч ч, Чв чв, Чӏ чӏ, Чӏв чӏв, Ш ш, Шв шв, Шӏ шӏ, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

ъ • () (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The fifty-ninth letter of the Adyghe alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Гу гу, Гъ гъ, Гъу гъу, Д д, Дж дж, Дз дз, Дзу дзу, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, Жъ жъ, Жъу жъу, Жь жь, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Ку ку, Къ къ, Къу къу, Кӏ кӏ, Кӏу кӏу, Л л, Лъ лъ, Лӏ лӏ, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Пӏ пӏ, Пӏу пӏу, Р р, С с, Т т, Тӏ тӏ, Тӏу тӏу, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Хъ хъ, Хъу хъу, Хь хь, Ц ц, Цу цу, Цӏ цӏ, Ч ч, Чӏ чӏ, Чъ чъ, Ш ш, Шъ шъ, Шъу шъу, Шӏ шӏ, Шӏу шӏу, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я, ӏ ӏ, ӏу ӏу

ъ (ʔ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The forty-seventh letter of the Aghul alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Гъ гъ, Гь гь, Гӏ гӏ, Д д, Дж дж, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Кк кк, Къ къ, Кь кь, Кӏ кӏ, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Пп пп, Пӏ пӏ, Р р, С с, Т т, Тт тт, Тӏ тӏ, У у, Уь уь, Ф ф, Х х, Хъ хъ, Хь хь, Хӏ хӏ, Ц ц, Цӏ цӏ, Ч ч, Чч чч, Чӏ чӏ, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, ӏ ӏ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

ъ (transliteration needed) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-fourth letter of the Alutor alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Вʼ вʼ, Г г, Гʼ гʼ, Ғ ғ, Д д, Е е, Ә ә, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Ӄ ӄ, Л л, М м, Н н, Ӈ ӈ, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

ъ • (ʔ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The forty-first letter of the Avar alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Гъ гъ, Гь гь, Гӏ гӏ, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Къ къ, Кь кь, Кӏ кӏ, Л л, Лъ лъ, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, Тӏ тӏ, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Хъ хъ, Хь хь, Хӏ хӏ, Ц ц, Цӏ цӏ, Ч ч, Чӏ чӏ, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

ъ • (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-sixth letter of the Bashkir alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) хәреф; А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Ғ ғ, Д д, Ҙ ҙ, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Ҡ ҡ, Л л, М м, Н н, Ң ң, О о, Ө ө, П п, Р р, С с, Ҫ ҫ, Т т, У у, Ү ү, Ф ф, Х х, Һ һ, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ә ә, Ю ю, Я я

• IPA^(key): [ɤ], [ɤ̞]

ъ • (ǎ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The twenty-seventh letter of the Bulgarian alphabet, called ер голям (er goljam), and written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ж ж, З з, И и (Ѝ ѝ), Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ь ь, Ю ю, Я я

ъ • (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-first letter of the Buryat alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, Ө ө, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ү ү, Ф ф, Х х, Һ һ, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

ъ • (ʔ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The forty-first letter of the Chechen alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Аь аь, Б б, В в, Г г, Гӏ гӏ, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Кх кх, Къ къ, Кӏ кӏ, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, Оь оь, П п, Пӏ пӏ, Р р, С с, Т т, Тӏ тӏ, У у, Уь уь, Ф ф, Х х, Хь хь, Хӏ хӏ, Ц ц, Цӏ цӏ, Ч ч, Чӏ чӏ, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Юь юь, Я я, Яь яь, ӏ ӏ

ъ (transliteration needed) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-first letter of the Chukchi alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Ӄ ӄ, Л л, Ԓ ԓ, М м, Н н, Ӈ ӈ, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я, ʼ

ъ • (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-second letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Ӑ ӑ, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ӗ ӗ, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Ҫ ҫ, Т т, У у, Ӳ ӳ, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

ъ (transliteration needed) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-second letter of the Crimean Tatar alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Гъ гъ, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Къ къ, Л л, М м, Н н, Нъ нъ, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Дж дж, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

ъ • (ʾ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The forty-first letter of the Dargwa alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Гъ гъ, Гь гь, Гӏ гӏ, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Къ къ, Кь кь, Кӏ кӏ, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Пӏ пӏ, Р р, С с, Т т, Тӏ тӏ, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Хъ хъ, Хь хь, Хӏ хӏ, Ц ц, Цӏ цӏ, Ч ч, Чӏ чӏ, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

ъ • (transliteration needed) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-third letter of the Dungan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ә ә, Ж ж, Җ җ, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, Ң ң, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ў ў, Ү ү, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

ъ • () (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-first letter of the Eastern Mari alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, Ҥ ҥ, О о, Ӧ ӧ, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ӱ ӱ, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

ъ (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-first letter of the Even alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, Ӈ ӈ, О о, Ө ө, Ӫ ӫ, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

ъ • (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The twenty-ninth letter of the Evenki alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, Ӈ ӈ, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

ъ • (ʔ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-ninth letter of the Ingush alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Аь аь, Б б, В в, Г г, Гӏ гӏ, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Кх кх, Къ къ, Кӏ кӏ, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Пӏ пӏ, Р р, С с, Т т, Тӏ тӏ, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Хь хь, Хӏ хӏ, Ц ц, Цӏ цӏ, Ч ч, Чӏ чӏ, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я, Яь яь, ӏ ӏ

ъ (transliteration needed) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The forty-second letter of the Itelmen alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Ӑ ӑ, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Кʼ кʼ, Ӄ ӄ, Ӄʼ ӄʼ, Л л, Љ љ, Ԓ ԓ, М м, Н н, Њ њ, Ӈ ӈ, О о, О̆ о̆, П п, Пʼ пʼ, Р р, С с, Т т, Тʼ тʼ, У у, Ў ў, Ф ф, Х х, Ӽ ӽ, Ц ц, Ч ч, Чʼ чʼ, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Ә ә, Э э, Ю ю, Я я (ʼ, ˚)

ъ • () (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The fifty-third letter of the Kabardian alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Э э, Б б, В в, Г г, Гу гу, Гъ гъ, Гъу гъу, Д д, Дж дж, Дз дз, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, Жь жь, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Ку ку, Кӏ кӏ, Кӏу кӏу, Къ къ, Къу къу, Кхъ кхъ, Кхъу кхъу, Л л, Лъ лъ, Лӏ лӏ, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Пӏ пӏ, Р р, С с, Т т, Тӏ тӏ, У у, Ф ф, Фӏ фӏ, Х х, Ху ху, Хь хь, Хъ хъ, Хъу хъу, Ц ц, Цӏ цӏ, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Щӏ щӏ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Ю ю, Я я, ӏ ӏ, ӏу ӏу

ъ • (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-fourth letter of the Kalmyk alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Ә ә, Б б, В в, Г г, Һ һ, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, Җ җ, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, Ң ң, О о, Ө ө, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ү ү, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

Alternative scripts
Arabic	n/a
Cyrillic	ъ
Latin	n/a
Yañalif	ʼ

ъ • () (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-sixth letter of the Kazakh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Ә ә, Б б, В в, Г г, Ғ ғ, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Қ қ, Л л, М м, Н н, Ң ң, О о, Ө ө, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ұ ұ, Ү ү, Ф ф, Х х, Һ һ, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, І і, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

ъ • (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-fourth letter of the Khakas alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Ғ ғ, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, І і, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, Ң ң, О о, Ӧ ӧ, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ӱ ӱ, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ӌ ӌ, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

ъ • () (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-fourth letter of the Kumyk alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Гъ гъ, Гь гь, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Къ къ, Л л, М м, Н н, Нг нг, О о, Оь оь, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Уь уь, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

ъ • () (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-first letter of the Kyrgyz alphabet, called ажыратуу белгиси (ajıratuu belgisi), and written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, Ң ң, О о, Ө ө, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ү ү, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

ъ • (ʾ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The fortieth letter of the Lezgi alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Гъ гъ, Гь гь, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Къ къ, Кь кь, Кӏ кӏ, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Пӏ пӏ, Р р, С с, Т т, Тӏ тӏ, У у, Уь уь, Ф ф, Х х, Хъ хъ, Хь хь, Ц ц, Цӏ цӏ, Ч ч, Чӏ чӏ, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

ъ • () (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirtieth letter of the Mongolian alphabet, called хатуугийн тэмдэг (xatuugiin temdeg), and written in the Cyrillic script.

Due to its rarity, the hard sign ъ is sometimes replaced by the more common soft sign ь (ʹ).

• (Cyrillic-script letters) үсэг; А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, Ө ө, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ү ү, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

ъ (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The forty-first letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Ӷ ӷ, Ғ ғ, Ӻ ӻ, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Кʼ кʼ, Қ қ, Қʼ қʼ, Л л, М м, Н н, Ң ң, О о, П п, Пʼ пʼ, Р р, Р̆ р̆, С с, Т т, Тʼ тʼ, У у, Ў ў, Ф ф, Х х, Ҳ ҳ, Ӿ ӿ, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

ъ (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-fifth letter of the Northern Mansi alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, А̄ а̄, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Е̄ е̄, Ё ё, Ё̄ ё̄, Ж ж, З з, И и, Ӣ ӣ, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, Ӈ ӈ, О о, О̄ о̄, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ӯ ӯ, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ы̄ ы̄, Ь ь, Э э, Э̄ э̄, Ю ю, Ю̄ ю̄, Я я, Я̄ я̄

ъ • (ŭ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. A letter of the Old Novgorodian alphabet, written in the Old Cyrillic script.
   • c. 1025‒1050, Берестяная грамота № 591 [Birchbark letter no. 591]‎^[1], Novgorod:

     а б в г д е ж ꙃ ꙁ [м] л н о п р с т оу ф х ц ч ш ъ ѣ ѫ ѭ у ѧ

     a b v g d e ž dz z [m] l n o p r s t u f x ć ć š ŭ jě ǫ jǫ u ję

   • c. 1180‒1200, Берестяная грамота № 460 [Birchbark letter no. 460]‎^[2], Novgorod:

     а б в г д е ж ꙅ ꙁ и ї к л м н о п р с т уо ѳ х ѡ ц ч ш щ ъ ѣ ѫ ю у ѧ

     a b v g d e ž dz z i i k l m n o p r s t u θ x o ć ć š ść ŭ jě ǫ ju u ję

   • c. 1200‒1220, Берестяная грамота № 778 [Birchbark letter no. 778]‎^[3], Novgorod:

     а б в г д е ж ꙃ ꙁ и ї к л м н о п р с т оу ф х ѿ ц ч ш ъ ѣ ѫ ѫ ю ѧ

     a b v g d e ž dz z i i k l m n o p r s t u f x otŭ ć ć š ŭ jě ǫ ǫ ju ję

   • c. 1240‒1260, Onfim, Берестяная грамота № 199 [Birchbark letter no. 199]‎^[4], Novgorod:

     а б в г д ¦ е ж ꙅ ꙁ и и к л м н о п р с т у ѳ х ѿ ц ч ш щ ъ ꙑ [ь] ѣ ꙋ ю ѫ ѧ …

     a b v g d ¦ e ž dz z i i k l m n o p r s t u θ x otŭ ć ć š ść ŭ y [ĭ] jě u ju ǫ ję …

   • c. 1240‒1260, Onfim, Берестяная грамота № 201 [Birchbark letter no. 201]‎^[5], Novgorod:

     а б : в г : д е : ж ꙅ : ꙁ и : і к : л м : н о : п р : с т : у ѳ х ѿ : ц ч : ш щ : ъ ꙑ : ь ѣ : ꙋ ю : ѫ ѧ : …

     a b : v g : d e : ž dz : z i : i k : l m : n o : p r : s t : u θ x otŭ : ć ć : š ść : ŭ y : ĭ jě : u ju : ǫ ję : …

   • c. 1240‒1260, Onfim, Берестяная грамота № 205 [Birchbark letter no. 205]‎^[6], Novgorod:

     а б в г д е ж ꙅ ꙁ и і к л м н о п р с т у ѳ х отъ ц ч ш щ ъ ꙑ ь ѣ ꙋ ю ѫ ѧ

     a b v g d e ž dz z i i k l m n o p r s t u θ x otŭ ć ć š ść ŭ y ĭ jě u ju ǫ ję

   • c. 1340‒1360, Берестяная грамота № Ст. Р. 25 [Birchbark letter no. St. R. 25]‎^[7], Staraya Russa:

     а б в г … н о - - - т у ѳ х [ѿ] … [ъ] - [ь] ѣ ѫ - …

     a b v g … n o - - - t u θ x [otŭ] … [ŭ] - [ĭ] jě ǫ - …

   • c. 1380‒1400, Берестяная грамота № Ст. Р. 24 [Birchbark letter no. St. R. 24]‎^[8], Staraya Russa:

     а б в г д е ж [ꙅ] ꙁ и і к л м н о п р с т у ф х [ѿ] ѡ ц ч ш щ ъ ꙑ ь ѣ ѧ

     a b v g d e ž [dz] z i i k l m n o p r s t u f x [otŭ] o ć ć š ść ŭ y ĭ jě ję

ъ • (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-eighth letter of the Ossetian alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Only used in Russian borrowings.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Ӕ ӕ, Б б, В в, Г г, Гъ гъ, Д д, Дж дж, Дз дз, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Къ къ, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Пъ пъ, Р р, С с, Т т, Тъ тъ, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Хъ хъ, Ц ц, Цъ цъ, Ч ч, Чъ чъ, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

This letter has no pronunciation of its own. It instead functions as a graphic sign.

ъ (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The twenty-eighth letter of the Russian alphabet, called твёрдый знак (tvjórdyj znak), and written in the Cyrillic script.

The hard sign has no sound of its own, but modifies that of the preceding consonant by causing it to be pronounced unpalatalized (i.e. hard). Some writers use an apostrophe instead of ъ (e.g. съезд (sʺjezd) — с'езд (s’ezd)) which is considered non-standard or obsolete.

Before the 1918 spelling reform, ъ also appeared after every final consonant except й (e.g. грѣхъ (grěx, “sin, fault”)), or after words like въ (v, “in, to”) and съ (s, “with”) that are nowadays spelled as only a single consonant. After the 1918 spelling reform, when the usage of ъ was heavily reduced, some typewriters did not have the letter at all, forcing people to use an apostrophe.

• ь (ʹ) (soft sign)
• (Cyrillic-script letters) бу́ква; А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

ъ • (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-second letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Ј ј, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, Ҥ ҥ, О о, Ӧ ӧ, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ӱ ӱ, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

ъ • (ʾ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The forty-first letter of the Tabasaran alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Аь аь, Б б, В в, Г г, Гъ гъ, Гь гь, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Къ къ, Кь кь, Кӏ кӏ, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Пӏ пӏ, Р р, С с, Т т, Тӏ тӏ, У у, Уь уь, Ф ф, Х х, Хъ хъ, Хь хь, Ц ц, Цӏ цӏ, Ч ч, Чӏ чӏ, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я, ӏ ӏ, ʼ

ъ • (ʾ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-second letter of the Tajik alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Ғ ғ, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Ӣ ӣ, Й й, К к, Қ қ, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ӯ ӯ, Ф ф, Х х, Ҳ ҳ, Ч ч, Ҷ ҷ, Ш ш, Ъ ъ, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

ъ • (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-fourth letter of the Tatar alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Ә ә, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, Җ җ, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, Ң ң, О о, Ө ө, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ү ү, Ф ф, Х х, Һ һ, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

ъ • (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The twenty-ninth letter of the Tundra Nenets alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, Ӈ ӈ, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я, ʼ, ˮ

ъ • (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-first letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, Ң ң, О о, Ө ө, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ү ү, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

ъ • () (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-third letter of the Udmurt alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, Ӝ ӝ, З з, Ӟ ӟ, И и, Ӥ ӥ, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, Ӧ ӧ, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ӵ ӵ, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

ъ (’) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The twenty-seventh letter of the Uzbek alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Ъ ъ, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я, Ў ў, Қ қ, Ғ ғ, Ҳ ҳ

ъ • () (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-first letter of the Western Mari alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Ӓ ӓ, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, Ӧ ӧ, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ӱ ӱ, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ӹ ӹ, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

ъ • () (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-fifth letter of the Yakut alphabet, called кытаанах бэлиэ (kıtaanaq belie), and written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Ҕ ҕ, Д д, Дь дь, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, Ҥ ҥ, Нь нь, О о, Ө ө, П п, Р р, С с, Һ һ, Т т, У у, Ү ү, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я