-si
Albanian
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-si (plural -si)
- Alternative form of -i
Usage examples
[edit]- An epenthetic -ë- is infixed if the stem ends in a consonant.
Derived terms
[edit]Czech
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- , -s
Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Czech -si, from Proto-Slavic *si. Cognate with Slovak -si.
Pronunciation
[edit]Particle
[edit]-si
- indicates that something is indefinite or uncertain
Derived terms
[edit]Fala
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]-si
- Clitic form of se (“oneself”)
See also
[edit]nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | ei | me, -mi | mi | ||
plural | common | nos | musL nusLV nos, -nusM |
nos | ||
masculine | noshotrusM | noshotrusM | ||||
feminine | noshotrasM | noshotrasM | ||||
second person | singular | tú | te, -ti | ti | ||
plural | common | vos | vusLV vos, -vusM |
vos | ||
masculine | voshotrusM | voshotrusM | ||||
feminine | voshotrasM | voshotrasM | ||||
third person | singular | masculine | el | le, -li | uLV, oM | el |
feminine | ela | a | ela | |||
plural | masculine | elis | usLV, osM | elis | ||
feminine | elas | as | elas | |||
reflexive | — | se, -si | sí |
References
[edit]- Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)[1], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN
Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *-ci, from Proto-Uralic *-te. Compare Erzya -т (-t).
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-si
- (possessive) Second-person singular possessive suffix used with or without sinun (the genitive form of the personal pronoun sinä): your sg, thy
- (sinun) kirjasi ― your book
- (possessive) Appended to a genitive-requiring postposition that is after or without sinun: you sg, thee
- (possessive) Used in a participle structure replacing an että clause, preceded by a verb expressing e.g. telling, claiming, asserting, confirming, thinking, wish, desire, seeming, when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person); appended to the active present participle in genitive singular when the action is concurrent with the main clause.
- (possessive) Used in a participle structure replacing an että clause, preceded by a verb expressing e.g. telling, claiming, asserting, confirming, thinking, wish, desire, seeming, when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person); appended to the active past participle in genitive singular when the said/alleged (etc.) action antedates the main clause.
- Väitit tehneesi läksyjäsi.
- You claimed to have been doing your homework.
- (possessive) Used in a shortened sentence expressing concurrent actions when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person), appended to the inessive of the active second infinitive.
- Tehdessäsi läksyjäsi (sinä) kuulit laukauksen ulkoa.
- (While) doing your homework, you heard a shot from outside.
- (possessive) Used in a shortened sentence expressing subsequent actions when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person), appended to the partitive of the passive past participle singular.
- Tehtyäsi läksysi (sinä) kuulit laukauksen ulkoa.
- (After) having done / After doing your homework, you heard a shot from outside.
- (possessive) Used in a final shortened sentence expressing "in order to do" when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person), appended to the long first infinitive.
- Tehdäksesi läksysi hyvin (sinä) menit hiljaiseen huoneeseen.
- (In order) to do your homework well, you went into a quiet room.
- (possessive) Used in some adverbs, when the clause has the subject "you" (addressing one person).
- Olit hyvin pahoillasi siitä.
- You were very sorry about it.
- (possessive) Always appended to a noun in the comitative case when the clause has the subject "you" (addressing one person).
- Kävelit kirjoinesi ovesta ulos.
- You walked with your books out the door.
Usage notes
[edit]- The possessive suffix -si is compulsory in standard Finnish. The genitive form of the corresponding personal pronoun sinä before the main word can, depending on the context, be sometimes omitted in written language if the sentence remains fluent. In colloquial Finnish, the suffix -si is very rare and only the genitive form sinun (or its colloquial or dialectal variants) is used before the main word.
- Appended to the (strong) vowel stem. The final -n of the genitive and illative singular and plural or the -t of the nominative plural are omitted, for example: talo (“house”) > taloon (“into a/the house”) > taloosi (“into your house”).
- The shortened sentences — except for the participle structures — pertain mainly to formal/standard Finnish, not to informal/colloquial Finnish. It is also to be noticed that the shortened clauses are never separated from the main clauses with a comma.
See also
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Greenlandic
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-si (v-v?, additive?)
- Synonym of -i
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From -s (adjective-forming suffix) + -i (adjective-forming suffix).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-si
- (adjective-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form an adjective expressing “belonging somewhere, originating from, coming from”.
- (diminutive suffix) Added to a shortened noun to form a new diminutive noun.
- jogosítvány (“driver's license”) + -si → jogsi (“driver's license”)
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ -si in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Indonesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Dutch -tie, from Latin -tiō. Cognate to Afrikaans -sie.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-si
Derived terms
[edit]Italian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]-si
- (enclitic) Alternative form of si
- dare (“to give”) → darsi (“to give oneself; to devote”)
- vendere (“to sell”) → vendersi (“to sell oneself; to prostitute”)
- servire (“to serve”) → servirsi (“to serve oneself; to make use of”)
- si vende latte (“milk for sale”) → vendesi latte (“milk for sale”)
Usage notes
[edit]- Appended to present active infinitive verb forms to derive reflexive forms with a third person object. Also appended to the present indicative of some verb to derive their passive forms. The final -e of the original infinitive is removed before the reflexive suffix is added.
Where the verb ends in -rre, the final re is removed, leaving behind just an -r:
- introdurre (“to introduce”) → introdursi (“to introduce oneself; to sneak into”)
In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a single r and no vowels immediately before -si.
When the verb is referred to a first person or second person object, -si is substituted with:
- -mi when the object is first singular person;
- -ti when the object is second singular person;
- -ci when the object is first plural person;
- -vi when the object is second plural person;
Latin
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-sī
Malay
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Learned borrowing from Indonesian -si,[1] from Dutch -tie or -sie, from Latin -tiō. Doublet of -sen, -syen, and -shen.
Suffix
[edit]-si (Jawi spelling -سي)
Usage notes
[edit]This is used in newer adaptations of English loanwords ending in -tion and -sion in an effort to make the ending of such words uniform with its Dutch-derived counterparts in Indonesian. Previously, the suffix in words of this kind were adapted as -sen and -syen (e.g. as in posyen for potion).
Etymology 2
[edit]Borrowed from English -cy, from Anglo-Norman -cie, ultimately from Latin -cia, -tia, Ancient Greek -κια (-kia), -τια (-tia), originally variants of Latin -ia and Ancient Greek -ια (-ia), -ία (-ía) or -εια (-eia).
Suffix
[edit]-si (Jawi spelling -سي)
- (unproductive) -cy.
- farmasi ― pharmacy
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Omar, A. H. (1971). Standard Language and the Standardization of Malay. Anthropological Linguistics, 13(2), 82. http://www.jstor.org/stable/30029277
Manchu
[edit]Romanization
[edit]-si
- Romanization of ᠊ᠰᡳ
Old Irish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-si
- her (emphatic)
- you (plural; emphatic)
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14a8
- Níba cuit adíll ⁊ cucuibsi, acht ainfa lib, ar nídad foirbthi-si; it foirbthi immurgu Macidonii.
- It will not be merely a passing visit to you pl, but I will remain with you, for you are not perfect; the Macedonians, however, are perfect.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14c2a
- Gigeste-si Día linn ara·fulsam ar fochidi.
- You will pray to God for us so that we may endure our sufferings.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 16d8
- Bíuu-sa oc irbáig dar far cenn-si fri Maccidóndu.
- I am boasting about you to the Macedonians.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14a8
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]See also
[edit]Person | Emphatic suffixes |
---|---|
1 sg. | -se, -sa |
2 sg. | -siu, -so, -su |
3 sg. m.n. | -som, -sem, -sium, -sum, -sam |
3 sg. f. | -si |
1 pl. | -ni, -nai, -sni |
2 pl. | -si |
3 pl. | -som, -sem, -sium, -sum, -sam |
Emphatic suffixes are added to nouns modified by a possessive determiner to emphasize the possessor; to verbs, predicate adjectives, and predicate nouns to emphasize the subject; and to inflected prepositions to emphasize the object. |
Quechua
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-si
- Evidential suffix, second-hand information. Indicates that the speaker has not directly experienced the information at hand; hearsay
- Parachkansi.
- (I heard that) it is raining.
See also
[edit]Sidamo
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Determiner
[edit]-si
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007) A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 383
Turkish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Ottoman Turkish سی (which represented all pronunciations).
Suffix
[edit]preceding vowel | |||
---|---|---|---|
A / I | E / İ | O / U | Ö / Ü |
-sı | -si | -su | -sü |
-si
Etymology 2
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-si
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “سی”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[2], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1098
Uzbek
[edit]Other scripts | |
---|---|
Yangi Imlo | -سى |
Cyrillic | -си |
Latin | -si |
Perso-Arabic (Afghanistan) |
Suffix
[edit]-si
- third-person singular possessive suffix, used after a noun ending in a vowel
- Bu ruchkasi.
- This is its ball pen.
- Albanian lemmas
- Albanian suffixes
- Czech terms inherited from Old Czech
- Czech terms derived from Old Czech
- Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Czech lemmas
- Czech particles
- Fala lemmas
- Fala pronouns
- Fala clitics
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish suffixes
- Finnish terms with usage examples
- Finnish possessive suffixes
- Greenlandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greenlandic lemmas
- Greenlandic suffixes
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian suffixes
- Hungarian diminutive suffixes
- Hungarian adjective-forming suffixes
- Indonesian terms borrowed from Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Latin
- Indonesian 1-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian suffixes
- Italian 1-syllable words
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Italian lemmas
- Italian pronouns
- Latin non-lemma forms
- Latin suffix forms
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Malay terms borrowed from Indonesian
- Malay learned borrowings from Indonesian
- Malay terms derived from Indonesian
- Malay terms derived from Dutch
- Malay terms derived from Latin
- Malay doublets
- Malay lemmas
- Malay suffixes
- Malay terms with usage examples
- Malay terms borrowed from English
- Malay terms derived from English
- Malay terms derived from Anglo-Norman
- Malay terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Malay unproductive suffixes
- Manchu non-lemma forms
- Manchu romanizations
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish suffixes
- Old Irish emphatic suffixes
- Old Irish terms with quotations
- Quechua lemmas
- Quechua suffixes
- Quechua terms with usage examples
- Sidamo terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sidamo lemmas
- Sidamo determiners
- Sidamo clitics
- Sidamo possessive determiners
- Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish suffixes
- Uzbek lemmas
- Uzbek suffixes
- Uzbek terms with usage examples
- Uzbek nominal affixes