-isa

From Proto-Finnic *-isa, possibly from Proto-Uralic. Related to Estonian -s (such as in jõudus (gen. jõudsa) ~ joutuisa), Ingrian -isa, Votic -sõ.

-isa (front vowel harmony variant -isä, linguistic notation -isA)

1. A suffix for making adjectives from some nouns and verbs.

   ‎kaiku (“echo”) + ‎-isa → ‎kaikuisa (“reverberant”)

   ‎myrsky (“storm”) + ‎-isa → ‎myrskyisä (“stormy”)

• -kas

• -ias, ais, sai

From Proto-Finnic *-isa. Cognates include Finnish -isa and Estonian -s.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-isɑ/, [-is̠ɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-isɑ/, [-iʒ̥ɑ]

-isa (front vowel variant -isä)

1. Used to form adjectives denoting an abundance of the suffixed noun.

   ‎maku (“taste”) + ‎-isa → ‎makuisa (“tasty”)

2. Used to form adjectives denoting having undergone the action of the suffixed verb.

   ‎kuulua (“to be heard”) + ‎-isa → ‎kuuluisa (“famous”)

Declension of -isa (type 3/koira, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	-isa	-isat
genitive	-isan	-isiin
partitive	-isaa	-isia
illative	-isaa	-isii
inessive	-isaas	-isiis
elative	-isast	-isist
allative	-isalle	-isille
adessive	-isaal	-isiil
ablative	-isalt	-isilt
translative	-isaks	-isiks
essive	-isanna, -isaan	-isinna, -isiin
exessive1)	-isant	-isint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

• -kas

From Proto-Bantu *-ícia.

-isa

1. Form causative verbs

From Proto-Bantu *-ícia.

-isa

1. Forms causative verbs.

The variant form -îsa is used with stems containing superclose vowels.

From Proto-Bantu *-ícia.

-isa

1. Forms causative verbs.

From Proto-Bantu *-ícia.

-isa

1. Forms causative verbs.

From Proto-Bantu *-ícia.

-isa

1. Forms causative verbs.

From Proto-Bantu *-ícia.

-isa

1. Forms causative verbs.

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “-isa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-isa”