toko

From Dutch toko (“Southeast Asian grocery store”), from Indonesian Malay toko (“shop”), from Hokkien 土庫／土库 (thó͘-khò͘, “private storehouse”).

toko (plural tokos)

1. A shop in the Netherlands selling mainly Asian food products, and generally Asian- or Indo-European-owned.

toko (uncountable)

1. (obsolete, UK, slang) Alternative spelling of toco (“corporal punishment”)
   • 1892, Edwin James Milliken, “On Law and Order”, in The 'Arry Ballads‎^[3], verse 1, page 58, line 4:

     When a reglar Primroser gits toko, one wonders wot next there will come.

• give toko

• Koot, Otok, koto, took

From Indonesian Malay toko (“shop”), from Hokkien 土庫／土库 (thó͘-khò͘, “private storehouse”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈtoːkoː/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: to‧ko

toko m (plural toko's, diminutive tokootje n)

1. (historical, referring to Indonesia) a Dutch, otherwise European or Chinese shop [19th to 20th c.]
   • 1879 May 26, W. F. van Erp, "Een toko van keurige provisien." (advertisement), De locomotief. Samarangsch handels- en advertentie-blad, vol. 28, issue 120, page 4.

     Een TOKO van puike DRANKEN.
     Een TOKO om fraaie CADEAUTJES te koopen
     Een TOKO om sterke, mooie IJzeren LEDIKANTEN met toebehooren te koopen.
     Een TOKO van alle soorten BANKET en SUIKERWERK. […]

     A shop for excellent DRINKS.
     A shop where you can buy beautiful GIFTS
     A shop where you can buy strong, beautiful IRON COTS with accessories.
     A shop for all types of BANQUET and SWEETS.

2. (Netherlands) a grocery store or supermarket specializing in Southeast Asian (especially Indonesian or Chinese Indonesian) products, which are mostly food items [from 20th c.]
   • 2007, Peter Gordon, Groente - opnieuw ontdekt, tr. by Aniek Njiokiktjien, Inmerc, 8.

     Struin maar eens over een boerenmarkt om te zien wat er plaatselijk allemaal geteeld en verkocht wordt, of ga naar de dichtstbijzijnde toko of naar een ruim gesorteerde supermarkt om te zien welke onbekende ingrediënten er gewoon bij je om de hoek te koop zijn.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

3. (colloquial, Netherlands) shop, store, stand [from 20th c.]
   • 2015, Anna Nooshin, On Top, Unieboek | Het Sprectrum:

     Opende de toko, sloot de toko, ik wóónde praktisch in die toko.

     Opened the store, closed the store, I practically lived in that store.

   Synonyms: handel, kraam, winkel

4. (colloquial, Netherlands) any company or business [from late 20th c.]
   • 2010, Aefke ten Hagen, In naam van mijn vader, Mistral/FMB Uitgevers.

     ‘Peter!’ doet Wouter enthousiast. ‘Goed om jou hier te treffen!’
     ‘Tja,’ lacht Peter. ‘Het is mijn toko.’

     ‘Peter!’ says Wouter with enthusiasm. ‘Good to see you here!’
     ‘Well,’ Peter laughs. ‘It is my business.’

   • 2013 March, Chris Broesder, “Games ontwikkelen voor Nintendo en Sony wordt makkelijker”, in Personal Computer Magazine:

     De andere Japanse games-toko, Nintendo genaamd, zegt ook een beter ontwikkelklimaat te willen voor indie-ontwikkelaars.

     The other Japanese games company, called Nintendo, says it also wants a better development environment for indie developers.

   • 2015, Daniël Meyer, De man van Venus, Futuro:

     Ga eens naar de balansen, kijken we wat die toko waard is.

     Go check the balances, then we'll see what the value of that business is.

   Synonyms: bedrijf, handel, zaak, tent

• → English: toko

• toko

• IPA^(key): /ˈtoko/, [ˈt̪o̞ko̞]
• Rhymes: -oko
• Hyphenation^(key): to‧ko

Initialism for tottelevaisuuskoe (“obedience trial”).

toko

1. obedience trial (dog sport)

• tottelevaisuuskoe

Based on the genus name (translingual Tockus).

toko

1. hornbill of the genera Tockus, Tropicranus or Ocyceros.

• koot, koto

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

toko

1. fruit

• IPA^(key): /ˈto.ko/
• Rhymes: -o

• Audio:

  (file)

Borrowed from Chinese Hokkien 土庫／土库 (thó͘-khò͘, “private storehouse”).

toko (first-person possessive tokoku, second-person possessive tokomu, third-person possessive tokonya)

1. shop; store

   toko buku ― bookshop

   toko kelontong ― convenience store

   toko serba ada ― department store

   • 2008 [1997 July 10], Ajip Rosidi, Yang datang telanjang: Surat-surat Ajip Rosidi dari Jepang, 1980-2002 [That came naked: Letters of Ajip Rosidi from Japan, 1980-2002] (non-fiction), Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia, →ISBN, Kepada Lazuardi Anwar, page 574:

     Walaupun kalau saya berkunjung ke tanahair, selalu menyempatkan diri ke toko buku. Tapi banyak buku yang diterbitkan apalagi kalau karya sastera‒tak sampai ke toko buku. Saya sering dengar bahwa toko buku kita umumnya tidak mau memberi tempat buat buku sastera. Tentu karena minat masyarakat terhadap sastera kecil sekali.

     Even when I visited my homeland, I often take my time to go to bookshops. However, many books that are published, especially those that are literary works‒do not reach the bookshops. I often hear that our bookshops generally do not want to give space for literature books. Surely because community interest towards literature is very small.

   • 2018 July 10, “Masyarakat Diajak Buka Toko Virtual [Community Invited to Set Up Virtual Shops]”, in Suara Merdeka‎^[4], archived from the original on 29 October 2018:

     Alfamart melalui program Alfamind mengajak masyarakat untuk menjadi wirausaha dengan membuka toko secara virtual. Melalui aplikasi ini, siapa pun bisa saja menjadi pemilik toko hanya dengan berjualan melalui aplikasi smartphone.

     Alfamart, through the Alfamind program, invites the community to become entrepreneurs by setting up shops virtually. Through this application, anyone can also become a shop owner just by selling through a smartphone application.

• → Tetum: toko

From Sundanese [Term?].

toko (first-person possessive tokoku, second-person possessive tokomu, third-person possessive tokonya)

1. rice weevil (Calandra oryzae).

• “toko” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

toko

1. Rōmaji transcription of とこ

toko

1. Romanization of ꦠꦺꦴꦏꦺꦴ.

• IPA^(key): [ˈtoːko]

toko

1. ridge; ridgepole

• Allahverdi Verdizade (2019) “toko”, in Lamboya word list‎^[5], Leiden: LexiRumah

From Hokkien 土庫／土库 (thó͘-khò͘, “private storehouse”).

• IPA^(key): /to.ko/
• Rhymes: -o

toko (Jawi spelling توکو, plural toko-toko, informal 1st possessive tokoku, 2nd possessive tokomu, 3rd possessive tokonya)

1. (uncommon outside Indonesia) retailer; shop selling retail merchandise
   • 2018 February 22, Pg Fairol RMF, “Pesta Buku Brunei 27 Feb ini [Brunei Book Festival on 27th Feb]”, in Media Permata‎^[6], archived from the original on 29 October 2018:

     Dalam sidang media di Balai Laila Muafakat, DBP, petang tadi, Pemangku Pengarah DBP, Hajah Sariani binti Haji Ishak selaku Pengerusi PBB dan KMBM menjelaskan, sebanyak 78 petak disediakan semasa pesta dan karnival berkenaan yang akan disertai oleh DBP, penerbit-penerbit buku kerajaan dan swasta serta toko buku dari dalam dan luar negara.

     In a press conference at Balai Laila Muafakat, DBP (Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka), in the afternoon, DBP Acting Director, Hajah Sariani binti Haji Ishak, who is the chairperson of PBB (Pesta Buku Brunei) and KMBM (Karnival Memperkasa Budaya Membaca), explained that as many as 78 lots were available during the book festival and carnival which will be participated by DBP, government and private book publishers, as well as book retailers from within and outside the country.

• kedai (“shop; store”)

• kedai serbaneka (“convenience store”)
• kedai runcit (“grocery store”)
• pasar raya (“supermarket”)

• > Indonesian: toko (inherited)
  • → Tetum: toko
• → Dutch: toko
  • → English: toko
• → Ternate: toko

• Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “توکو toko”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 96
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “toko”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume II, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 597

• “toko” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

From Proto-Polynesian *toko (compare with Samoan toʻo, Hawaiian koʻo)^[1] from Proto-Oceanic *tokon, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təkən (“bamboo punting pole, to press downward”) (compare with Malay tekan, Tagalog tikin).^[2]

toko

1. pole
2. sprit of a canoe's sail
3. beam or ray of light

toko

1. to prop up
2. to push away
3. to separate, divorce

• tokotoko
• kotokoto

• Williams, Herbert William (1917) “toko”, in A Dictionary of the Maori Language, page 509
• “toko” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.

toko

1. (obsolete) past tense plural of taka
   • 1647, “LAnte oster Kraakelund”, in Den fyrste morgonblånen, Oslo: Novus, published 1990, page 39:

     Dei toko mæ qvaet dei finge

     They brought what they got

Borrowed from Chinese Hokkien 土庫／土库 (thó͘-khò͘, “private storehouse”).

toko

1. shop; store

From Indonesian toko, from Hokkien 土庫／土库 (thó͘-khò͘, “private storehouse”).

• IPA^(key): [ˈto.ko]

toko

1. a store

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

From Indonesian toko (“shop”), from Hokkien 土庫／土库 (thó͘-khò͘, “private storehouse”).

toko

1. shop