raire
French
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old French raire, from Late Latin ragĕre. Compare Romanian rage. Cf. also railler.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]raire (defective)
Conjugation
[edit]This verb traditionally has no past historic or imperfect subjunctive. They would be formed on a -ray- root: *je rayis, *que nous rayissions etc. Forms using the 'a' endings of verbs in -er are now used when there is an unavoidable need to use these forms. The root -rais- was used instead of -ray- in the 18th century, and remains in Swiss and Savoy dialects.
Conjugation of raire (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | raire | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | rayant /ʁɛ.jɑ̃/ or /ʁe.jɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | rait /ʁɛ/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | rais /ʁɛ/ |
rais /ʁɛ/ |
rait /ʁɛ/ |
rayons /ʁɛ.jɔ̃/ or /ʁe.jɔ̃/ |
rayez /ʁɛ.je/ or /ʁe.je/ |
raient /ʁɛ/ |
| imperfect | rayais /ʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ʁe.jɛ/ |
rayais /ʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ʁe.jɛ/ |
rayait /ʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ʁe.jɛ/ |
rayions /ʁɛj.jɔ̃/ |
rayiez /ʁɛj.je/ |
rayaient /ʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ʁe.jɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | rayai /ʁɛe/ |
rayas /ʁɛa/ |
raya /ʁɛa/ |
rayâmes /ʁɛam/ |
rayâtes /ʁɛat/ |
rayèrent /ʁɛɛʁ/ | |
| future | rairai /ʁɛ.ʁe/ or /ʁe.ʁe/ |
rairas /ʁɛ.ʁa/ or /ʁe.ʁa/ |
raira /ʁɛ.ʁa/ or /ʁe.ʁa/ |
rairons /ʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /ʁe.ʁɔ̃/ |
rairez /ʁɛ.ʁe/ or /ʁe.ʁe/ |
rairont /ʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /ʁe.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | rairais /ʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ʁe.ʁɛ/ |
rairais /ʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ʁe.ʁɛ/ |
rairait /ʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ʁe.ʁɛ/ |
rairions /ʁɛ.ʁjɔ̃/ or /ʁe.ʁjɔ̃/ |
rairiez /ʁɛ.ʁje/ or /ʁe.ʁje/ |
rairaient /ʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ʁe.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | raie /ʁɛ/ |
raies /ʁɛ/ |
raie /ʁɛ/ |
rayions /ʁɛj.jɔ̃/ |
rayiez /ʁɛj.je/ |
raient /ʁɛ/ |
| imperfect2 | rayasse /ʁɛas/ |
rayasses /ʁɛas/ |
rayât /ʁɛa/ |
rayassions /ʁɛa.sjɔ̃/ |
rayassiez /ʁɛa.sje/ |
rayassent /ʁɛas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | rais /ʁɛ/ |
— | rayons /ʁɛ.jɔ̃/ or /ʁe.jɔ̃/ |
rayez /ʁɛ.je/ or /ʁe.je/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Synonyms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Noun
[edit]raire m (plural raires)
References
[edit]- “raire”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
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