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rukka

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Faroese

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Etymology

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From Old Norse hrukka, from Proto-Germanic *hrunkǭ (“wrinkle, crease”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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rukka f (genitive singular rukku, plural rukkur)

  1. wrinkle, crease

Declension

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f1 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative rukka rukkan rukkur rukkurnar
accusative rukku rukkuna rukkur rukkurnar
dative rukku rukkuni rukkum rukkunum
genitive rukku rukkunnar rukka rukkanna

Finnish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Probably a development from rukka (etymology 2), compare similar development in parka, raasu and riepu.

Noun

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rukka

  1. poor, pitiful person or thing
    lapsirukka ― poor child
    Pekka-rukka ― poor Pekka
Usage notes
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Mostly used in compounds, but can be also used alone.

Declension
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Inflection of rukka (Kotus type 10*A/koira, kk-k gradation)
nominative rukka rukat
genitive rukan rukkien
partitive rukkaa rukkia
illative rukkaan rukkiin
singular plural
nominative rukka rukat
accusative nom. rukka rukat
gen. rukan
genitive rukan rukkien
rukkain rare
partitive rukkaa rukkia
inessive rukassa rukissa
elative rukasta rukista
illative rukkaan rukkiin
adessive rukalla rukilla
ablative rukalta rukilta
allative rukalle rukille
essive rukkana rukkina
translative rukaksi rukiksi
abessive rukatta rukitta
instructive — rukin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of rukka (Kotus type 10*A/koira, kk-k gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative rukkani rukkani
accusative nom. rukkani rukkani
gen. rukkani
genitive rukkani rukkieni
rukkaini rare
partitive rukkaani rukkiani
inessive rukassani rukissani
elative rukastani rukistani
illative rukkaani rukkiini
adessive rukallani rukillani
ablative rukaltani rukiltani
allative rukalleni rukilleni
essive rukkanani rukkinani
translative rukakseni rukikseni
abessive rukattani rukittani
instructive — —
comitative — rukkineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative rukkasi rukkasi
accusative nom. rukkasi rukkasi
gen. rukkasi
genitive rukkasi rukkiesi
rukkaisi rare
partitive rukkaasi rukkiasi
inessive rukassasi rukissasi
elative rukastasi rukistasi
illative rukkaasi rukkiisi
adessive rukallasi rukillasi
ablative rukaltasi rukiltasi
allative rukallesi rukillesi
essive rukkanasi rukkinasi
translative rukaksesi rukiksesi
abessive rukattasi rukittasi
instructive — —
comitative — rukkinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative rukkamme rukkamme
accusative nom. rukkamme rukkamme
gen. rukkamme
genitive rukkamme rukkiemme
rukkaimme rare
partitive rukkaamme rukkiamme
inessive rukassamme rukissamme
elative rukastamme rukistamme
illative rukkaamme rukkiimme
adessive rukallamme rukillamme
ablative rukaltamme rukiltamme
allative rukallemme rukillemme
essive rukkanamme rukkinamme
translative rukaksemme rukiksemme
abessive rukattamme rukittamme
instructive — —
comitative — rukkinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative rukkanne rukkanne
accusative nom. rukkanne rukkanne
gen. rukkanne
genitive rukkanne rukkienne
rukkainne rare
partitive rukkaanne rukkianne
inessive rukassanne rukissanne
elative rukastanne rukistanne
illative rukkaanne rukkiinne
adessive rukallanne rukillanne
ablative rukaltanne rukiltanne
allative rukallenne rukillenne
essive rukkananne rukkinanne
translative rukaksenne rukiksenne
abessive rukattanne rukittanne
instructive — —
comitative — rukkinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative rukkansa rukkansa
accusative nom. rukkansa rukkansa
gen. rukkansa
genitive rukkansa rukkiensa
rukkainsa rare
partitive rukkaansa rukkiaan
rukkiansa
inessive rukassaan
rukassansa 		rukissaan
rukissansa
elative rukastaan
rukastansa 		rukistaan
rukistansa
illative rukkaansa rukkiinsa
adessive rukallaan
rukallansa 		rukillaan
rukillansa
ablative rukaltaan
rukaltansa 		rukiltaan
rukiltansa
allative rukalleen
rukallensa 		rukilleen
rukillensa
essive rukkanaan
rukkanansa 		rukkinaan
rukkinansa
translative rukakseen
rukaksensa 		rukikseen
rukiksensa
abessive rukattaan
rukattansa 		rukittaan
rukittansa
instructive — —
comitative — rukkineen
rukkinensa
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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compounds

Further reading

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Etymology 2

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From Proto-Finnic *rukka, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz. Doublet of frakki and rukki.

Noun

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rukka (dialectal)

  1. reindeer fur coat
Declension
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Inflection of rukka (Kotus type 10*A/koira, kk-k gradation)
nominative rukka rukat
genitive rukan rukkien
partitive rukkaa rukkia
illative rukkaan rukkiin
singular plural
nominative rukka rukat
accusative nom. rukka rukat
gen. rukan
genitive rukan rukkien
rukkain rare
partitive rukkaa rukkia
inessive rukassa rukissa
elative rukasta rukista
illative rukkaan rukkiin
adessive rukalla rukilla
ablative rukalta rukilta
allative rukalle rukille
essive rukkana rukkina
translative rukaksi rukiksi
abessive rukatta rukitta
instructive — rukin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of rukka (Kotus type 10*A/koira, kk-k gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative rukkani rukkani
accusative nom. rukkani rukkani
gen. rukkani
genitive rukkani rukkieni
rukkaini rare
partitive rukkaani rukkiani
inessive rukassani rukissani
elative rukastani rukistani
illative rukkaani rukkiini
adessive rukallani rukillani
ablative rukaltani rukiltani
allative rukalleni rukilleni
essive rukkanani rukkinani
translative rukakseni rukikseni
abessive rukattani rukittani
instructive — —
comitative — rukkineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative rukkasi rukkasi
accusative nom. rukkasi rukkasi
gen. rukkasi
genitive rukkasi rukkiesi
rukkaisi rare
partitive rukkaasi rukkiasi
inessive rukassasi rukissasi
elative rukastasi rukistasi
illative rukkaasi rukkiisi
adessive rukallasi rukillasi
ablative rukaltasi rukiltasi
allative rukallesi rukillesi
essive rukkanasi rukkinasi
translative rukaksesi rukiksesi
abessive rukattasi rukittasi
instructive — —
comitative — rukkinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative rukkamme rukkamme
accusative nom. rukkamme rukkamme
gen. rukkamme
genitive rukkamme rukkiemme
rukkaimme rare
partitive rukkaamme rukkiamme
inessive rukassamme rukissamme
elative rukastamme rukistamme
illative rukkaamme rukkiimme
adessive rukallamme rukillamme
ablative rukaltamme rukiltamme
allative rukallemme rukillemme
essive rukkanamme rukkinamme
translative rukaksemme rukiksemme
abessive rukattamme rukittamme
instructive — —
comitative — rukkinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative rukkanne rukkanne
accusative nom. rukkanne rukkanne
gen. rukkanne
genitive rukkanne rukkienne
rukkainne rare
partitive rukkaanne rukkianne
inessive rukassanne rukissanne
elative rukastanne rukistanne
illative rukkaanne rukkiinne
adessive rukallanne rukillanne
ablative rukaltanne rukiltanne
allative rukallenne rukillenne
essive rukkananne rukkinanne
translative rukaksenne rukiksenne
abessive rukattanne rukittanne
instructive — —
comitative — rukkinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative rukkansa rukkansa
accusative nom. rukkansa rukkansa
gen. rukkansa
genitive rukkansa rukkiensa
rukkainsa rare
partitive rukkaansa rukkiaan
rukkiansa
inessive rukassaan
rukassansa 		rukissaan
rukissansa
elative rukastaan
rukastansa 		rukistaan
rukistansa
illative rukkaansa rukkiinsa
adessive rukallaan
rukallansa 		rukillaan
rukillansa
ablative rukaltaan
rukaltansa 		rukiltaan
rukiltansa
allative rukalleen
rukallensa 		rukilleen
rukillensa
essive rukkanaan
rukkanansa 		rukkinaan
rukkinansa
translative rukakseen
rukaksensa 		rukikseen
rukiksensa
abessive rukattaan
rukattansa 		rukittaan
rukittansa
instructive — —
comitative — rukkineen
rukkinensa
Derived terms
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Anagrams

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Icelandic

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Danish rykke, from Old Norse rykkja (whence also inherited Icelandic rykkja), from Proto-Germanic *rukkijaną.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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rukka (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative rukkaði, supine rukkað)

  1. (transitive) to collect payment from (someone)
  2. (transitive) to collect (payment)
  3. (transitive) to ask for, take, demand (payment), set the price at (a certain amount)

Conjugation

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rukka — active voice (germynd)
infinitive
(nafnháttur) 		að rukka
supine
(sagnbót) 		rukkað
present participle
(lýsingarháttur nútíðar) 		rukkandi
indicative
(framsöguháttur) 		subjunctive
(viðtengingarháttur)
present
(nútíð) 		ég rukka við rukkum present
(nútíð) 		ég rukki við rukkum
þú rukkar þið rukkið þú rukkir þið rukkið
hann, hún, það rukkar þeir, þær, þau rukka hann, hún, það rukki þeir, þær, þau rukki
past
(þátíð) 		ég rukkaði við rukkuðum past
(þátíð) 		ég rukkaði við rukkuðum
þú rukkaðir þið rukkuðuð þú rukkaðir þið rukkuðuð
hann, hún, það rukkaði þeir, þær, þau rukkuðu hann, hún, það rukkaði þeir, þær, þau rukkuðu
imperative
(boðháttur) 		rukka (þú) rukkið (þið)
Forms with appended personal pronoun
rukkaðu rukkiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
rukkast — mediopassive voice (miðmynd)
infinitive
(nafnháttur) 		að rukkast
supine
(sagnbót) 		rukkast
present participle
(lýsingarháttur nútíðar) 		rukkandist **
** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses
indicative
(framsöguháttur) 		subjunctive
(viðtengingarháttur)
present
(nútíð) 		ég rukkast við rukkumst present
(nútíð) 		ég rukkist við rukkumst
þú rukkast þið rukkist þú rukkist þið rukkist
hann, hún, það rukkast þeir, þær, þau rukkast hann, hún, það rukkist þeir, þær, þau rukkist
past
(þátíð) 		ég rukkaðist við rukkuðumst past
(þátíð) 		ég rukkaðist við rukkuðumst
þú rukkaðist þið rukkuðust þú rukkaðist þið rukkuðust
hann, hún, það rukkaðist þeir, þær, þau rukkuðust hann, hún, það rukkaðist þeir, þær, þau rukkuðust
imperative
(boðháttur) 		rukkast (þú) rukkist (þið)
Forms with appended personal pronoun
rukkastu rukkisti *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
rukkaður — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension
(sterk beyging) 		singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn) 		masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall) 		rukkaður rukkuð rukkað rukkaðir rukkaðar rukkuð
accusative
(þolfall) 		rukkaðan rukkaða rukkað rukkaða rukkaðar rukkuð
dative
(þágufall) 		rukkuðum rukkaðri rukkuðu rukkuðum rukkuðum rukkuðum
genitive
(eignarfall) 		rukkaðs rukkaðrar rukkaðs rukkaðra rukkaðra rukkaðra
weak declension
(veik beyging) 		singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn) 		masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall) 		rukkaði rukkaða rukkaða rukkuðu rukkuðu rukkuðu
accusative
(þolfall) 		rukkaða rukkuðu rukkaða rukkuðu rukkuðu rukkuðu
dative
(þágufall) 		rukkaða rukkuðu rukkaða rukkuðu rukkuðu rukkuðu
genitive
(eignarfall) 		rukkaða rukkuðu rukkaða rukkuðu rukkuðu rukkuðu

Synonyms

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Ingrian

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Etymology

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Akin to Finnish rukka.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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rukka

  1. (in compounds) poor (one deserving pity)

Declension

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Declension of rukka (type 3/koira, kk-k gradation)
singular plural
nominative rukka rukat
genitive rukan rukkiin
partitive rukkaa rukkia
illative rukkaa rukkii
inessive rukas rukis
elative rukast rukist
allative rukalle rukille
adessive rukal rukil
ablative rukalt rukilt
translative rukaks rukiks
essive rukkanna, rukkaan rukkinna, rukkiin
exessive1) rukkant rukkint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

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References

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  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 491
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