koira

From Proto-Finnic *koira, from earlier *koj(e)ra, from Proto-Uralic *kojera (“male animal”) (whence also koiras (“male animal”)), derived from Proto-Uralic *koje (“male, man”),^[1] in which case the word probably originally meant "male dog" specifically (and possibly displaced peni in the general sense of "dog").

• IPA^(key): /ˈkoi̯rɑ/, [ˈko̞i̯rɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -oirɑ
• Hyphenation^(key): koi‧ra

koira

1. dog (Canis lupus familiaris)
   • 1548, Mikael Agricola, transl., Se Wsi Testamenti [The New Testament], Stockholm, pyhen Paualin Epistola Philipperin tyge (Philippians) 3:2:

     Cauattacat teitenne Coirilda

     [Kavahtakaat teitänne koirilta]

     Beware of dogs

2. Ellipsis of koiranuinti (“dog paddle (swimming stroke)”).
3. (military slang) military police

• (dog):
  • (affectionate) haukku
  • (archaic) peni
  • (baby talk) hauva (doggy)
  • (derogatory) hurtta, rakki, piski, murre, tiisti (mongrel)
  • (dialectal, humorous) hunttu
  • (slang) dogi
• (military police): sotilaspoliisi

• koiras

• narttu
• penikka

• “koira”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

• Kairo, kiroa, koria, okria

From Proto-Finnic *koira (“male dog”). Cognates include Finnish koira and Estonian koer.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈkoi̯rɑ/, [ˈko̞i̯r]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈkoi̯rɑ/, [ˈko̞i̯rɑ]
• Rhymes: -oi̯r, -oi̯rɑ
• Hyphenation: koi‧ra

koira

1. dog
   • 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 57:

     Ƶucka ono koira.

     Žucka is a dog.

Declension of koira (type 3/koira, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	koira	koirat
genitive	koiran	koiriin
partitive	koiraa	koiria
illative	koiraa	koirii
inessive	koiraas	koiriis
elative	koirast	koirist
allative	koiralle	koirille
adessive	koiraal	koiriil
ablative	koiralt	koirilt
translative	koiraks	koiriks
essive	koiranna, koiraan	koirinna, koiriin
exessive1)	koirant	koirint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

• Fedor Tumansky (1790) “койва ^[sic]”, in Опытъ повѣствованїя о дѣянїях, положенїи, состоянїи и раздѣленїи Санкт-Петербургской губернїи [An experiment of an account of the acts, location, condition and division of the Saint Petersburg gubernia], Краткїй словарь ижерскаго, финскаго, эстонскаго, чюдскаго, и ямскаго нарѣчїя съ россїйскимъ переводомъ [A short dictionary of the Ingrian, Finnish, Estonian, Chud and Yamtian dialects with a Russian translation], page 679
• V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎^[3], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 59
• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 183
• Olga I. Konkova, Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку‎^[4], →ISBN, page 72

Regional variants of koira

North Karelian (Viena)	koira
South Karelian (Tver)	koira

From Proto-Finnic *koira. Cognates include Finnish koira and Estonian koer.

• IPA^(key): /ˈkoi̯rɑ/
• Hyphenation: koi‧ra

koira (genitive koiran, partitive koirua)

1. dog

Viena Karelian declension of koira (type 5/koira, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	koira	koirat
genitive	koiran	koirien
partitive	koirua	koirie
illative	koirah	koirih
inessive	koirašša	koirissa
elative	koirašta	koirista
adessive	koiralla	koirilla
ablative	koiralta	koirilta
translative	koirakši	koiriksi
essive	koirana	koirina
comitative	—	koirineh
abessive	koiratta	koiritta

Tver Karelian declension of koira (type 5/koira no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	koira	koirat
genitive	koiran	koirin
partitive	koirua	koirie
illative	koirah	koirih
inessive	koirašša	koirissa
elative	koirašta	koirista
adessive	koiralla	koirilla
ablative	koiralda	koirilda
translative	koirakši	koiriksi
essive	koirana	koirina
comitative	koiranke	koirinke
abessive	koiratta	koiritta

Possessive forms of koira
1st person	koirani
2nd person	koiraš
3rd person	koirah
*) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses.

• A. V. Punzhina (1994) “koira”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
• P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015) “собака”, in Venäjä-Viena Šanakirja [Russian-Viena Karelian Dictionary], →ISBN