hacher
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Middle French hacher, from Old French hacher, hachier, from Frankish *hakkōn, from Proto-Germanic *hakkōną (“to chop; hack”). More at hack.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (aspirated h) IPA(key): /a.ʃe/
Audio: (file)
Verb
[edit]hacher
- to chop up, mince
- hacher la viande
- chop up the meat
- bœuf haché
- minced beef
- (dated) to split with an axe
- (rare) to cut roughly and unequally
- (formal) to cut or hit repeatedly with something sharp; to slash
- (formal, rare) to speak or write with a very unequal or irregular style or rhythm
Usage notes
[edit]- In literary description, the adjective haché is much more common than the verb.
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of hacher (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | hacher | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | hachant /a.ʃɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | haché /a.ʃe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | hache /aʃ/ |
haches /aʃ/ |
hache /aʃ/ |
hachons /a.ʃɔ̃/ |
hachez /a.ʃe/ |
hachent /aʃ/ |
| imperfect | hachais /a.ʃɛ/ |
hachais /a.ʃɛ/ |
hachait /a.ʃɛ/ |
hachions /a.ʃjɔ̃/ |
hachiez /a.ʃje/ |
hachaient /a.ʃɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | hachai /a.ʃe/ |
hachas /a.ʃa/ |
hacha /a.ʃa/ |
hachâmes /a.ʃam/ |
hachâtes /a.ʃat/ |
hachèrent /a.ʃɛʁ/ | |
| future | hacherai /aʃ.ʁe/ |
hacheras /aʃ.ʁa/ |
hachera /aʃ.ʁa/ |
hacherons /aʃ.ʁɔ̃/ |
hacherez /aʃ.ʁe/ |
hacheront /aʃ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | hacherais /aʃ.ʁɛ/ |
hacherais /aʃ.ʁɛ/ |
hacherait /aʃ.ʁɛ/ |
hacherions /a.ʃə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
hacheriez /a.ʃə.ʁje/ |
hacheraient /aʃ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | hache /aʃ/ |
haches /aʃ/ |
hache /aʃ/ |
hachions /a.ʃjɔ̃/ |
hachiez /a.ʃje/ |
hachent /aʃ/ |
| imperfect2 | hachasse /a.ʃas/ |
hachasses /a.ʃas/ |
hachât /a.ʃa/ |
hachassions /a.ʃa.sjɔ̃/ |
hachassiez /a.ʃa.sje/ |
hachassent /a.ʃas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | hache /aʃ/ |
— | hachons /a.ʃɔ̃/ |
hachez /a.ʃe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → English: hash
Further reading
[edit]- “hacher”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Middle French
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old French hacher, hachier, from Frankish *hakkōn, from Proto-Germanic *hakkōną (“to chop; hack”).
Verb
[edit]hacher
Conjugation
[edit]- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of hacher
| infinitive | simple | hacher | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | hachant | |||||
| compound | present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | haché | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | hache | haches | hache | hachons | hachez | hachent |
| imperfect | hachois, hachoys | hachois, hachoys | hachoit, hachoyt | hachions, hachyons | hachiez, hachyez | hachoient, hachoyent | |
| past historic | hacha | hachas | hacha | hachasmes | hachastes | hacherent | |
| future | hacherai, hacheray | hacheras | hachera | hacherons | hacherez | hacheront | |
| conditional | hacherois, hacheroys | hacherois, hacheroys | hacheroit, hacheroyt | hacherions, hacheryons | hacheriez, hacheryez | hacheroient, hacheroyent | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | hache | haches | hache | hachons | hachez | hachent |
| imperfect | hachasse | hachasses | hachast | hachassions | hachassiez | hachassent | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | hache | — | hachons | hachez | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
| 2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180). | |||||||
Descendants
[edit]Old French
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Frankish *hakkōn, from Proto-Germanic *hakkōną (“to chop; hack”).
Verb
[edit]hacher
Conjugation
[edit]This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of hacher (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | hacher | avoir haché | |||||
| gerund | en hachant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | hachant | ||||||
| past participle | haché | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | hache | haches | hache | hachons | hachez | hachent |
| imperfect | hachoie, hacheie, hachoe, hacheve | hachoies, hacheies, hachoes, hacheves | hachoit, hacheit, hachot, hacheve | hachiiens, hachiens | hachiiez, hachiez | hachoient, hacheient, hachoent, hachevent | |
| preterite | hachai | hachas | hacha | hachames | hachastes | hacherent | |
| future | hacherai | hacheras | hachera | hacherons | hacheroiz, hachereiz, hacherez | hacheront | |
| conditional | hacheroie, hachereie | hacheroies, hachereies | hacheroit, hachereit | hacheriiens, hacheriens | hacheriiez, hacheriez | hacheroient, hachereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | hache | haches | hache | hachons | hachez | hachent |
| imperfect | hachasse | hachasses | hachast | hachissons, hachissiens | hachissoiz, hachissez, hachissiez | hachassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | hache | — | hachons | hachez | — | ||
Descendants
[edit]Categories:
- French terms inherited from Middle French
- French terms derived from Middle French
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms derived from Frankish
- French terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- French terms with aspirated h
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French verbs
- French terms with usage examples
- French dated terms
- French terms with rare senses
- French formal terms
- French verbs with conjugation -er
- French first group verbs
- Middle French terms inherited from Old French
- Middle French terms derived from Old French
- Middle French terms derived from Frankish
- Middle French terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle French lemmas
- Middle French verbs
- Middle French first group verbs
- Old French terms borrowed from Frankish
- Old French terms derived from Frankish
- Old French terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old French lemmas
- Old French verbs
- Old French verbs with weak-a preterite
- Old French first group verbs
- Old French verbs ending in -er
- Old French irregular verbs