ard

Borrowed from Norwegian ard (“plough”), from Old Norse arðr.

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ɑɹd/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ɑːd/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)d

ard (plural ards)

1. A simple plough consisting of a spike dragged through the soil. [20th c.]

• ard plough
• scratch plough

• -dar, ADR, DAR, DRA, Dar, Dra, RAD, RDA, dar, rad, rad.

Other scripts

Cyrillic		ард
Abjad		آرد

From Common Turkic *ārt.

• IPA^(key): [ɑrd]

• Audio:

  (file)

ard (definite accusative ardı, plural ardlar)

1. back, rear

   Synonyms: arxa, dal

   Antonyms: qabaq, ön

2. sequel, continuation; something which is continued

   Synonyms: davam, dal

Declension of ard
	singular	plural
nominative	ard	ardlar
definite accusative	ardı	ardları
dative	arda	ardlara
locative	ardda	ardlarda
ablative	arddan	ardlardan
definite genitive	ardın	ardların

Possessive forms of ard
	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	ardım	ardlarım
sənin (“your”)	ardın	ardların
onun (“his/her/its”)	ardı	ardları
bizim (“our”)	ardımız	ardlarımız
sizin (“your”)	ardınız	ardlarınız
onların (“their”)	ardı or ardları	ardları
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	ardımı	ardlarımı
sənin (“your”)	ardını	ardlarını
onun (“his/her/its”)	ardını	ardlarını
bizim (“our”)	ardımızı	ardlarımızı
sizin (“your”)	ardınızı	ardlarınızı
onların (“their”)	ardını or ardlarını	ardlarını
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	ardıma	ardlarıma
sənin (“your”)	ardına	ardlarına
onun (“his/her/its”)	ardına	ardlarına
bizim (“our”)	ardımıza	ardlarımıza
sizin (“your”)	ardınıza	ardlarınıza
onların (“their”)	ardına or ardlarına	ardlarına
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	ardımda	ardlarımda
sənin (“your”)	ardında	ardlarında
onun (“his/her/its”)	ardında	ardlarında
bizim (“our”)	ardımızda	ardlarımızda
sizin (“your”)	ardınızda	ardlarınızda
onların (“their”)	ardında or ardlarında	ardlarında
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	ardımdan	ardlarımdan
sənin (“your”)	ardından	ardlarından
onun (“his/her/its”)	ardından	ardlarından
bizim (“our”)	ardımızdan	ardlarımızdan
sizin (“your”)	ardınızdan	ardlarınızdan
onların (“their”)	ardından or ardlarından	ardlarından
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	ardımın	ardlarımın
sənin (“your”)	ardının	ardlarının
onun (“his/her/its”)	ardının	ardlarının
bizim (“our”)	ardımızın	ardlarımızın
sizin (“your”)	ardınızın	ardlarınızın
onların (“their”)	ardının or ardlarının	ardlarının

• ardınca
• ardıcıl

From Old Norse arðr (“plough, ard”), from Proto-Germanic *arþrą, cognate with Swedish årder and Norwegian Bokmål ard (whence (English ard). The Germanic word is related to Latin arātrum (“plough”) and Ancient Greek ἄροτρον (árotron, “plough”).

• IPA^(key): [ˈɑˀd̥]

ard c (singular definite arden, plural indefinite arder)

1. (historical) plough, ard

• arad (nonstandard)
• árd (obsolete)

From Old Irish ard,^[1] from Proto-Celtic *ardwos (compare Welsh ardd) from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰ- (compare Latin arduus).

• (Munster, Connacht) IPA^(key): /ɑːɾˠd̪ˠ/^[2][3]
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /aːɾˠd̪ˠ/^[4]

ard (genitive singular masculine aird, genitive singular feminine airde, plural arda, comparative airde)

1. high, tall
2. loud
3. ambitious

• airde f (“height; elevation; altitude; level; volume, pitch”)
• ard- (“high; arch-, chief; excellent, noble; advanced”)

ard m (genitive singular aird, nominative plural arda)

1. height, hillock
2. top, high part
3. elevation (of land)
4. head (of sand, clay)
5. rise
6. ascent

• os ard

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “ard”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “árd”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 38

From Old Irish ard, from Proto-Celtic *ardwos (compare Welsh ardd) from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰwós, from *h₃erdʰ- (compare Latin arduus).

• IPA^(key): /ø(r)d/

ard (plural ardey, comparative syrjey)

1. high
2. tall

ard m (genitive singular ard, plural ardjyn)

1. height, high place

ard m (genitive singular ard, plural ardjyn)

1. compass point
2. pole

• ard-ard
• Ard y Jiass
• Ard y Twoaie
• bun-ard

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ard”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

ard

1. Alternative form of ardu

• ar

Compare Persian آرد (ârd, “flour”), Avestan 𐬀𐬴𐬀 (aṣ̌a, “ground”) and Old Armenian աղամ (ałam).

• IPA^(key): /ɑːɾd/

ard m (Arabic spelling ئارد)

1. flour

   Synonym: arvan

• Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “ard”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 11

From Proto-Celtic *ardwos (compare Welsh ardd) from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰwós, from *h₃erdʰ- (compare Latin arduus).

• IPA^(key): [ar͈d]

ard (equative ardithir, comparative ardu, superlative ardam)

1. high
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 23^d23

     Cía thés hí loc bes ardu, ní ardu de; ní samlid són dúnni, air ⟨im⟩mi ardu-ni de tri dul isna lucu arda.

     Though he may go into a higher place, he is not the higher; this is not the case for us, for we are the higher through going into the high places.

o/ā-stem
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ard	ard	ard
Vocative	aird* ard**
Accusative	ard	aird
Genitive	aird	ardae	aird
Dative	ard	aird	ard
Plural	Masculine	Feminine/neuter
Nominative	aird	arda
Vocative	ardu arda†
Accusative	ardu arda†
Genitive	ard
Dative	ardaib
Notes	*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized

ard n (genitive aird, nominative plural arda)

1. height

Neuter o-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ardN	ardN	ardL, arda
Vocative	ardN	ardN	ardL, arda
Accusative	ardN	ardN	ardL, arda
Genitive	airdL	ard	ardN
Dative	ardL	ardaib	ardaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

• Irish: ard
• Manx: ard
• Scottish Gaelic: àrd

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ard”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

ard

1. inflection of arde:
   1. first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
   2. third-person plural present indicative

Cognate with Persian آرد (ârd).

ard

1. flour