mynd
Appearance
Faroese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse mynd (“shape, form”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]mynd f (genitive singular myndar, plural myndir)
- image, picture
- imagination (created by words)
Declension
[edit]f2 | singular | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | mynd | myndin | myndir | myndirnar |
accusative | mynd | myndina | myndir | myndirnar |
dative | mynd | myndini | myndum | myndunum |
genitive | myndar | myndarinnar | mynda | myndanna |
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Icelandic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Norse mynd (“shape, form”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]mynd f (genitive singular myndar, nominative plural myndir)
- image, picture
- Þetta er afar falleg mynd sem þú málaðir.
- This is a very nice picture you've painted.
- form, image
- movie, film
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Old Norse
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Uncertain. Possibly from mund (“hand”), or alternatively from muna (“to remember”).
Noun
[edit]mynd f
Inflection
[edit] Declension of mynd (strong ō-stem)
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Welsh
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Suppletive verb:
- Verbal noun from Middle Welsh mynet, from Proto-Brythonic *moned (compare Cornish mones, Breton mont, Gaulish moni (“come!”)), verbal noun of Proto-Celtic *monītor (compare Middle Irish muinithir (“goes around”)), from Proto-Indo-European *menH- (compare Umbrian menes (“will come”), Lithuanian mìnti (“to trample, scutch”)).[1]
- Indicative forms from Proto-Celtic *ageti (“to drive”) (compare Old Irish aigid), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- (compare Latin agō).
- The forms in el- are from Proto-Celtic *ɸel- (“to approach, drive”), from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂- (compare Latin pellō (“strike, drive”), Epic Greek πίλναμαι (pílnamai, “approach”).
- The origins of imperative forms dos and cer remain unexplained.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (North Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA(key): /mɨ̞nd/
- (North Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /mɨ̞n/
- (South Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA(key): /mɪnd/
- (South Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /mɪn/
- Rhymes: -ɨ̞nd
Verb
[edit]mynd (first-person singular present af)
- to go
- Mae hi'n mynd i Gaerdydd heno. ― She's going to Cardiff tonight.
- Aeth hi ddoe. ― She went yesterday.
- Awn ni edrych. ― We will go and look.
- Ait ti i'r ysgol ar droed. ― You used to go to school on foot.
- Mae'n angenrheidiol yr elwyf nawr. ― It is necessary that I go now.
- Na, rwy'n mynd ar y trên bach. ― No, I'm going on the little train.
- (colloquial, with yn) to become
- Mae Sioned yn mynd yn grac. ― Sioned is getting cross.
- Mae'r peth 'ma wedi mynd yn wyrdd. ― This thing has gone green.
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation
Literary forms | singular | plural | impersonal | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
present indicative/future | af | ei | â | awn | ewch | ânt | eir, elir |
imperfect indicative/conditional | awn | ait | âi | aem | aech | aent | eid, elid |
preterite | euthum | aethost | aeth | aethom | aethoch | aethont, aethant | aethpwyd, aed, awd |
pluperfect | aethwn, elswn | aethit, elsit | aethai, elsai | aethem, elsem | aethech, elsech | aethent, elsent | aethid, elsid |
present subjunctive | elwyf | elych | êl, elo | elom | eloch | elont | eler |
imperfect subjunctive | elwn | elit | elai | elem | elech | elent | elid |
imperative | — | dos | aed, eled | awn | ewch | aent, elent | aer, eler |
verbal noun | mynd, myned | ||||||
verbal adjectives | mynededig mynedadwy |
Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
preterite | es i, etho i | est ti | aeth o/e/hi | aethon ni, ethon ni | aethoch chi, ethoch chi | aethon nhw, ethon nhw | |
future | af i, a i | ei di | eith o/e/hi, aiff e/hi | awn ni, ewn ni | ewch chi | ân nhw, ewn nhw | |
conditional | awn i, elwn i, elen i | aet ti, elet ti | âi fo/fe/hi, elai fe/hi | aen ni, elen ni | aech chi, elech chi | aen nhw, elen nhw | |
imperative | — | dos, cer | — | — | ewch, cerwch | — | |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |
Mutation
[edit]radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
---|---|---|---|
mynd | fynd | unchanged | unchanged |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
[edit]- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 276
Further reading
[edit]- King, Gareth (1993) Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar (Routledge Grammars), London and New York: Routledge, →ISBN, pages 183, 188, 193–94, 226.
- Klingebiel, Kathryn (1994) 234 Welsh Verbs: Standard Literary Forms, Belmont, MA: Ford & Bailie, →ISBN, pages 195–96.
- Thorne, David A. (1993) A Comprehensive Welsh Grammar (Reference Grammars), Oxford and Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, →ISBN, § 294, pages 281–85.
- They Thought You'd Say This
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