Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ārï

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative Reconstruction

*(h)ārgï (per Räsänen)

Etymology

Räsänen reconstructs this root as *hārγï, which is then compared with Finnish paarma (“horsefly, gadfly”).

Chuvash and Kipchak languages at large seem to have adopted the compound *bạl *kūrtnï (“honey worm”) instead of *ārï.

Noun

*ārï

bee, wasp

Declension

Declension of *ārï

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*ārï
Accusative	ārïg, ārïnï¹⁾
Genitive	*ārïnïŋ
Dative	*ārïka
Locative	*ārïda
Ablative	*ārïdan
Allative	*ārïgaru
Instrumental ²⁾	*ārïn
Equative ²⁾	*ārïča
Similative ²⁾	*ārïlayu
Comitative ²⁾	*ārïlïgu

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghur:
- ⇒ Chuvash: тӗкӗлтура (tĕk̬ĕlt̬ura, “humble bee”)

Arghu:
- Khalaj: hârı
Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: arı
  - Ottoman Turkish: آری (arı)
    - Gagauz: aarı
    - Turkish: arı
    - → Crimean Tatar: arı
- Turkmen: ary
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (arı)
  - Chagatai: اری (arı)
    - Uzbek: ari
      - → Tajik: ору (oru)
    - Uyghur: ھەرە (here)
Kipchak: [script needed] (aru)
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Kazakh: ара (ara)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: аары (aarı)
    - Southern Altai: адару (adaru), аару (aaru)
Siberian:
- Old Uyghur: ʾʾry (arı)
- North Siberian:
  - Yakut: ыҥырыа (ıñırıa)
- South Siberian:
  - Yenisei:
    - Khakas: аар (aar)
    - Shor: аары (ārı)
  - Tofa: ары (arı)
  - Tuvan: ары (arı)
    - Kuu-Kizhi: ару (aru)
    - Kumandy-Kizhi: аары (aarı)

Animals in Turkic
Dog	dog: *ï̄t	Hunting Dog	hunting dog: *eker	Hen	hen: *tiakïgu
Lark	lark: *torgay	Pigeon	dove, pigeon: *kȫkerčin	Quail	quail: *bïldurčïn
Sparrow	sparrow: *serče	Hawk	hawk, falcon: *kïrguy	Goose	goose: *kāŕ
Wolf	wolf: *bȫrü	Cow	cow: *ingek	Calf	calf: *buŕagu
Camel	camel: *tebe	Young Camel	young of camel: kȫĺek, botu	Horse	horse: *at
Foal	foal: *kulun	Worm	worm: *kūrt	Snake	snake: *yï̄lan
Fox	fox: *tilkü	goat	goat: *keči	He-goat	he-goat: *teke
Lion	lion: *arsïlan	Fish	fish: *bālïk	Abramis brama	carp bream: *čapak
Donkey	donkey: *eĺčgek	Carp	carp: *siāŕgan	Catfish	catfish: *yāyïn
Beaver	beaver: *kunduŕ	Hedgehog	hedgehog: *kirpi	Badger	badger: *borsmuk
Fly	fly, mosquito: *siŋek	Bee	wasp, bee: *ārï	Gadlfy	gadfly: *bȫgen
Moth	moth: *küńe	Louse	louse: *bït	Earthworm	earthworm: *sïbuĺgan
Yak	yak: *kotuz	Colt	colt: *sïp	Dragon	dragon: *siāŕgan
Worm	worm: *kūrt	Deer	deer: keyik, sïgun, bulan, bugu	Lizard	lizard: *keleŕ

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “arı:”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 196, 197
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, pages 25, 26
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill