Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/uzdaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *úd-s (“up, off”) (> *uz (“out of”)) + *dʰeh₁- (“to set, put, place”).^[1] Alternatively connected to the root *wes- (“to prick”) (connected to Albanian usht (“thistle”)).^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈuz.dɑz/

Noun

*uzdaz m

sharp point
place

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *uzdaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*uzdaz	uzdōz, uzdōs
vocative	*uzd	uzdōz, uzdōs
accusative	*uzdą	*uzdanz
genitive	uzdas, uzdis	*uzdǫ̂
dative	*uzdai	*uzdamaz
instrumental	*uzdō	*uzdamiz

Derived terms

*uzdijaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *oʀd
- Old English: ord
  - Middle English: ord
    - English: ord, orde
    - Scots: ord
- Old Frisian: ord
  - North Frisian: od
  - Saterland Frisian: Oud
  - West Frisian: oerd, oarde
- Old Saxon: ord
  - Middle Low German: ort
    - German Low German: Oort
    - → Swedish: ort
- Old Dutch: ort
  - Middle Dutch: ort, oort
    - Dutch: oord
      - Afrikaans: oord
- →⇒ Old French: ordé, urdee
  - → Middle English: urde, urdy
    - English: urdé, urdy
- Old High German: ort
  - Middle High German: ort
    - Bavarian: Oat
    - German: Ort
    - Luxembourgish: Uert
    - Yiddish: אָרט (ort)
Old Norse: oddr
- Icelandic: oddur
- Faroese: oddur
- Norwegian Bokmål: odd, odde
- Norwegian Nynorsk: odd, odde
- Old Swedish: udder, odder
  - Swedish: udd, udde
- Danish: od, odde
- → Middle English: od, odde
  - Scots: odd, od, ode
  - English: odd

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*uzda-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 563
^ Wolfgang Pfeifer, editor (1993), “Ort”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen (in German), 2nd edition, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*uzda-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 563

[2] Wolfgang Pfeifer, editor (1993), “Ort”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen (in German), 2nd edition, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN

[1]

[2]