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A smart contract is a self-executing program on a blockchain to ensure an immutable and transparent agreement without the involvement of intermediaries. Despite its growing popularity for many blockchain platforms like Ethereum, no technical means is ...

Early developments in code obfuscation were chiefly motivated by the needs of Digital Rights Management (DRM). Other suggested applications included intellectual property protection of software and code diversification to combat the monoculture problem ...

Information hiding is widely used in almost all intelligence and security software systems as a standard technology to prevent piracy and copyright infringement. This technology mainly involves the idea of digital watermarking where a unique identifier (...

We propose a novel dynamic software watermarking design based on Return-Oriented Programming (ROP). Our design formats watermarking code into well-crafted data arrangements that look like normal data but could be triggered to execute. Once triggered, ...

Software plagiarism in Android markets (app repackaging) is raising serious concerns about the health of the Android ecosystem. Existing app repackaging detection techniques fall short in detection efficiency and in resilience to circumventing attacks; ...

Recently, we have presented a dynamic watermarking model, which we named WaterRpg, for embedding a reducible permutation graph F[π*] into an application program P. The main idea behind the proposed watermarking model is to modify the dynamic call-graph ...

We have recently presented an efficient codec system for encoding a watermark number w as a reducible permutation graph F [π^*], through the use of self-inverting permutations π^* and proposed a dynamic watermarking model, which we named WaterRpg, for ...

This paper conducted a preliminary study and exploration of dynamic watermarking scheme. Firstly, the paper introduces software watermarking technology and analyses the process of dynamic graph watermarking. Secondly, this paper proposes and realizes ...

With increased popularity and wide adoption of smartphones and mobile devices, recent years have seen a new burgeoning economy model centered around mobile apps. However, app repackaging, among many other threats, brings tremendous risk to the ecosystem,...

In this paper, we propose a steganography-based software watermarking scheme to protect Android applications from software piracy. Considering the resource limitations in mobile devices, it is difficult to apply previous software watermarking schemes in ...

Software piracy is one of the major concerns of programmers and software developers costing them huge amounts of financial losses every year. One of the programming languages used to develop software is Java. Although Java has some advantages over other ...

By studying the characteristic of traditional graph encoding, we found two critical shortages: the first is that graph encoding efficiency is lower, the second is that graph topology is independent from the host which means all the graph encodings are ...

Software watermarking is widely used to protect intellectual property owners of software from piracy. However, existing proposed schemes have shortcomings such that the watermarks can be defeated by semantics-preserving code transformations such as code ...

In a software watermarking environment, several graph theoretic watermark methods encode the watermark values as graph structures and embed them in application programs. In this paper we first present an efficient codec system for encoding a watermark ...

In this paper we propose an efficient and easily implemented codec system for encoding watermark numbers as reducible permutation flow-graphs. More precisely, in light of our recent encoding algorithms which encode a watermark value $w$ as a self-...

Software watermarking involves embedding a unique identifier, i.e., a watermark value, within a software to discourage software theft; to this end, several graph theoretic watermark methods encode the watermark values as graph structures and embed them ...

Informally, an obfuscator O is an (efficient, probabilistic) “compiler” that takes as input a program (or circuit) P and produces a new program O(P) that has the same functionality as P yet is “unintelligible” in some sense. Obfuscators, if they exist, ...

In a software watermarking environment, several graph theoretic watermark methods encode the watermark values as graph structures and embed them in application programs. In this paper we extended the class of graphs which can be efficiently used in a ...

A robust software watermarking scheme under which the watermark can resist against various attacks includ-ing collusion attacks is proposed based on obfuscated interpretation. The obfuscated interpretation technique can not only hide the functionality ...

Trust and security have prevented businesses from fully accepting cloud platforms. To protect clouds, providers must first secure virtualized data-center resources, uphold user privacy, and preserve data integrity. The authors suggest using a trust-...