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This study investigates the impact of the surrounding free space on the topology optimization (TO) of electro-active polymers (EAPs). It is well understood that, under the application of an electric field, the deformation of an EAP is not solely ...

This paper presents an in-silico framework, where for the first time, the design of stiffeners layout for shape-morphing of dielectric elastomers, is carried out by means of topology optimisation (TO). Inspired by the experimental work at Clarke ...

This work presents a numerical study on the use of multi-resolution strategies for the computationally challenging problem of optimal design of high-resolution nonlinear electro-active shell-type devices using Topology Optimization methods. This ...

This work presents a first numerical study for the density-based topology optimisation in the challenging and scarcely explored context of nonlinear electromechanics, focusing on electro-active polymers, capable of undergoing large electrically ...

In this paper, an advanced low-order solid–shell formulation is presented for modeling electro-active polymers (EAPs). This advanced finite element is of great importance due to the fact that EAPs actuators are typically designed as shell-like ...