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This document discusses the applicability of Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6) to the user plane of mobile networks. The network programming nature of SRv6 accomplishes mobile user-plane functions in a simple manner. The statelessness of SRv6 and its ...

With the emergence of Pretrained Language Models (PLMs) and the success of large-scale PLMs such as BERT and GPT, the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) has achieved tremendous development. Therefore, nowadays, PLMs have become an ...

The scope of green human resource management (GHRM) has gotten intense concern from researchers over the last decade. However, little work has been accomplished in taking GHRM practices to attain distinct goals of the workplace, such as employee ...

Hras protein is an intermediate for signals of cell proliferation and cell differentiation when Hras combines with guanosine triphosphate (GTP). In ordinary cells, GTP combined with Hras is hydrolyzed to guanosine diphosphate (GDP), and the structures ...

Existing mobility protocols suffer from multimedia and data transfer disruption when crossing cities' boundaries by trains or cars. Session continuity in wide area motion is an officially raised goal by 5G-PPP vision. This research adopts 5G methodology ...

In this paper, we describe an evolution of the mobile Evolved Packet Core (EPC) utilizing Software Defined Networking (SDN) that allows the EPC control plane to be moved into a data center. The EPC is a mobile aggregation network standardized by 3GPP ...

The security concerns in 3G network, especially the core network, is far from being satisfied. As the most important protocol in the 3G core network, GPRS Tunnel Protocol (GTP) is quite vulnerable to attacks in the flat, full IP environment. Solving ...

Nowadays, 3G netowrk plays a very important role in mobile communication system. But the security concern of such network, especially the core network, is far from being satisfied. GPRS Tunnel Protocol(GTP), which is one of the key protocols in the core ...

The 3rd Generation network rely on a key protocol—the GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP). However, GTP itself is not designed to be secure. So it is necessary to inspect the legal GTP channels and protect the backbone. Because a great deal of GTP-U packets ...

The lack of inherent security in the GPRS tunneling protocol (GTP) leaves security vulnerabilities in GPRS networks. A novel scheme to defend the network against Overbilling is proposed. The scheme only requires a dynamic memory in a GTP firewall to ...