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With the substantial increase in permissioned blockchain applications, various application scenarios for Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) protocols are emerging. However, due to the inherent complexity of BFT, the performance improvement of BFT ...

• Modular methods be utilized to quickly construct satisfactory BFT protocols.
• Deconstruct the single-layer leader-based BFT protocol into three phases.
• Two typical modules with different characteristics were provided for each phase.

Due to its advantages such as high precision and ease of use, the Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) system has surpassed radar and is more widely utilized in air traffic management. However, security issues within the ADS-B system,...${\mathbb{}}_{}^{}$

Permissioned blockchain for decentralized systems is pivotal in the public and private sectors, such as banking, healthcare, or the supply chain. It is fulfilling a variety of organizational requirements. The consensus protocol is the critical component ...

Whereas distributed computing research has been very successful in exploring the solvability/impossibility border of distributed computing problems like consensus in representative classes of computing models with respect to model parameters like ...

Consensus algorithms play an essential role in blockchains, directly impacting their performance. These algorithms involve validating and ordering pending transactions into new blocks, a process that exposes data to consensus nodes, raising privacy ...

A Distributed Ledger Object (DLO) is a concurrent object that maintains a totally ordered sequence of records. In this work we formalize a linearizable Byzantine-tolerant Distributed Ledger Object (BDLO), which is a linearizable DLO ...

• A formalization of the linearizable Byzantine-tolerant Distributed Ledger Object (BDLO).

Existing permissioned blockchains often rely on coordination-based consensus protocols to ensure the safe execution of applications in a Byzantine environment. Furthermore, the protocols serialize the transactions by ordering them in a global order. The ...

The existing blockchain consensus protocol has reached the level of availability in replicas in small-scale scenarios. However, if the blockchain system is composed of hundreds or even thousands of replicas, the throughput and delay will ...

Sharding is the prevalent approach to breaking the trilemma of simultaneously achieving decentralization, security, and scalability in traditional blockchain systems, which are implemented as replicated state machines relying on atomic ...

• Conceptual decomposition of sharding blockchains.
• Composing method to combine ...

Byzantine fault-tolerant agreement (BFT) in a partially synchronous system usually requires 3f + 1 nodes to tolerate f faulty replicas. Due to their high throughput and finality property, BFT algorithms build the core of recent permissioned blockchains. ...

Blockchain technology is moving towards the 3.0 era, and the consortium blockchain's commercial application value has become the main concern and research hotspot. Consensus protocol is used to solve the consistency problem of blockchain system, and it ...

Collaborative web applications are becoming increasingly client-centric, with technologies such as WebRTC, WebWorkers and IndexedDB enabling a shift towards a decentralized peer-to-peer (P2P) model. Contemporary systems such as Automerge, Legion, ...

Many recent research works have proposed distributed ledger technology (DLT) that employs Byzantine fault-tolerant (BFT) consensus protocols as the underlying core primitive to create a total order among all transactions. Compared to many Proof-of-Work (...

Blockchains are distributed replicated state machines with a continuously increasing data storage underneath. The size of the storage can cause problems especially in limited IoT devices. In order to address that, this paper is based on the following ...

Despite extensive research on Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) systems, overheads associated with such solutions preclude widespread adoption. Past efforts such as the Cross Fault Tolerance (XFT) model address this problem by making a weaker assumption ...

The spectacular success of Bitcoin and Blockchain Technology in recent years has provided enough evidence that a widespread adoption of a common cryptocurrency system is not merely a distant vision, but a scenario that might come true in the near ...

The core technical component of blockchains is consensus: how to reach agreement among a distributed network of nodes. A plethora of blockchain consensus protocols have been proposed---ranging from new designs, to novel modifications and extensions of ...

Blockchains and distributed ledger technology (DLT) that rely on Proof-of-Work (PoW) typically show limited performance. Several recent approaches incorporate Byzantine fault-tolerant (BFT) consensus protocols in their DLT design as Byzantine consensus ...

Clouds are a suitable place to store data with scalability and financial flexibility. However, it is difficult to ensure the reliability of the data stored in a cloud. Byzantine fault tolerance can improve reliability, but at a high cost. This paper ...

Distributed storage service is one of the main abstractions provided to developers of distributed applications due to its ability to hide the complexity generated by the various messages exchanged between processes. Many protocols have been proposed to ...