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Flocks, herds, and schools: a distributed behavioral model

Author:

Craig W. ReynoldsAuthors Info & Claims

Seminal graphics: pioneering efforts that shaped the field

July 1998

Pages 273 - 282

https://doi.org/10.1145/280811.281008

Published: 01 July 1998 Publication History

Editorial Notes

This paper was originally published as https://doi.org/10.1145/37401.37406.

Abstract

The aggregate motion of a flock of birds, a herd of land animals, or a school of fish is a beautiful and familiar part of the natural world. But this type of complex motion is rarely seen in computer animation. This paper explores an approach based on simulation as an alternative to scripting the paths of each bird individually. The simulated flock is an elaboration of a particle systems, with the simulated birds being the particles. The aggregate motion of the simulated flock is created by a distributed behavioral model much like that at work in a natural flock; the birds choose their own course. Each simulated bird is implemented as an independent actor that navigates according to its local perception of the dynamic environment, the laws of simulated physics that rule its motion, and a set of behaviors programmed into it by the "animator." The aggregate motion of the simulated flock is the result of the dense interaction of the relatively simple behaviors of the individual simulated birds.

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Index Terms

Flocks, herds, and schools: a distributed behavioral model
1. Mathematics of computing
  1. Mathematical software

Index terms have been assigned to the content through auto-classification.

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Published In

cover image ACM Overlay Books

Seminal graphics: pioneering efforts that shaped the field, Volume 1

July 1998

460 pages

ISBN:158113052X

DOI:10.1145/280811

Editor:
Rosalee Wolfe
DePaul University

SIGGRAPH '87: Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
August 1987
352 pages
ISBN:0897912276
DOI:10.1145/37401
Editor:
Maureen C. Stone

Copyright © 1998.

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 01 July 1998

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