[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ skip to main content
article

A 60-GHz phased array receiver front-end in 0.13-µm CMOS technology

Published: 01 October 2009 Publication History

Abstract

This paper presents a fully integrated dual-antenna phased-array RF front-end receiver architecture for 60-GHz broadband wireless applications. It contains two differential receiver chains, each receiver path consists of an on-chip balun, a gm-boosted current-reuse low-noise amplifier (LNA), a subharmonic dual-gate down-conversion mixer, an IF mixer, and a baseband gain stage. An active all-pass filter is employed to adjust the phase shift of each LO signal. Associated with the proposed dual conversion topology, the phase shift of the LO signal can be scaled to one-third. Differential circuitry is adopted to achieve good common-mode rejection. The gm-boosted current-reuse differential LNA mitigates the noise, gain, robustness, stability, and integration challenges. The sub-harmonic dual-gate downconversion mixer prevents the third harmonic issue in LO as well. Realized in a 0.13-µm 1P8M RF CMOS technology, the chip occupies an active area of 1.1 × 1.2 mm2. The measured conversion gain and input P1 dB of the single receiver path are 30 dB and --27 dBm, respectively. The measured noise figure at 100 MHz baseband output is around 10 dB. The measured phased array in the receiver achieves a total gain of 34.5 dB and theoretically improves the receiver SNR by 4.5 dB. The proposed 60 GHz receiver dissipates 44 mW from a 1.2 V supply voltage. The whole two-channel receiver, including the vector modulator circuits for built-in testing, consumes 93 mW from a 1.2 V supply voltage.

References

[1]
C. H. Doan, S. Emami, A. M. Niknejad, and R. W. Brodersen, "Millimeter-wave CMOS design," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 144-155, Jan. 2005.
[2]
B. Razavi, "Gadgets Gab at GHz," IEEE Spectr., vol. 45, pp. 46-58, Feb. 2008.
[3]
H. Hashemi, G. Xiang, A. Komijani, and A. Hajimiri, "A 24-GHz SiGe phased-array receiver-LO phase-shifting approach," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 614-626, Feb. 2005.
[4]
A. Babakhani, X. Guan, A. Komijani, A. Natarajan, and A. Hajimiri, "A 77 GHz 4-element phased array receiver with on-chip dipole antennas in silicon," in IEEE Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf. (ISSCC) Dig. Tech. Papers, Feb. 2006, pp. 180-181.
[5]
A. Natarajan, B. Floyd, and A. Hajimiri, "A bidirectional RF-combining 60 GHz phased-array front-end," in IEEE Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf. (ISSCC) Dig. Tech. Papers, Feb. 2007, pp. 202-203.
[6]
K. Scheir, S. Bronckers, J. Borremans, P. Wambacq, and Y. Rolain, "A 52 GHz phased-array receiver front-end in 90 nm digital CMOS," in IEEE Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf. (ISSCC) Dig. Tech. Papers, Feb. 2008, pp. 184-185.
[7]
E. Cohen, C. Jakobson, S. Ravid, and D. Ritter, "A bidirectional TX/RX four element phased-array at 60 GHz with RF-IF conversion block in 90 nm CMOS process," in Proc. IEEE Radio Freq. Integr. Circuits (RFIC) Conf., Jun. 2009, pp. 207-210.
[8]
Y. Yu, P. Baltus, A. V. Roermund, A. D. Graauw, E. Heijden, and M. Col, "Beamforming receiver front-end in 60 nm CMOS," in Proc. IEEE Radio Freq. Integr. Circuits (RFIC) Conf., Jun. 2009, pp. 211-214.
[9]
T. Yu and G. M. Rebeiz, "A 22-24 GHz 4-element CMOS phased array with on-chip coupling characterization," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 43, no. 9, pp. 2134-2143, Sep. 2008.
[10]
J. Paramesh, K. Soumyanath, and D. J. Allstot, "A four-antenna receiver in 90-nm CMOS for beamforming and spatial diversity," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 40, no. 12, pp. 2515-2524, Dec. 2005.
[11]
C. S. Wang, J. W. Huang, K. D. Chu, and C. K. Wang, "A 0.13 µm CMOS fully differential receiver with on-chip baluns for 60 GHz broadband wireless communications," in Proc. IEEE Custom Integr. Circuits Conf. (CICC) Conf., Sep. 2008, pp. 479-482.
[12]
M. Chu and D. J. Allstot, "CMOS phase-shifting circuits for wireless beamforming transmitters," Analog Integr. Circuits and Signal Process., vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 45-54, Jan. 2008.
[13]
B. Razavi, "A 60-GHz CMOS receiver front-end," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 17-22, Jan. 2006.
[14]
S. K. Reynolds, B. A. Floyd, U. R. Pfeiffer, T. Beukema, J. Grzyb, C. Haymes, B. Gaucher, and M. Soyuer, "A silicon 60-GHz receiver and transmitter chipset for broadband communications," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 41, no. 12, pp. 2820-2831, Dec. 2006.
[15]
T. Yao, M. Q. Gordon, K. K. W. Tang, K. H. K. Yau, M. T. Yang, P. Schvan, and S. P. Voinigescu, "Algorithmic design of CMOS LNAs and PAs for 60-GHz radio," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 1044-1057, May 2007.
[16]
W. Zhuo, S. Embabi, J. Pineda de Gyvez, and E. Sanchez-Sinencio, "Using capacitive cross-coupling technique in RF low-noise amplifiers and down-conversion mixer design," in Proc. Eur. Solid-State Circuits Conf. (ESSCIRC), Sep. 2000, pp. 116-119.
[17]
X. Li, S. Shekhar, and D. J. Allstot, "G m -boosted LNA and VCO Circuits in 0.18 µm CMOS," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 40, pp. 2609-2619, Dec. 2005.
[18]
S. C. Blaakmeer, E. A. M. Klumperink, D. M. W. Leenaerts, and B. Nauta, "Wideband balun-LNA with simultaneous output balancing, noise-canceling and distortion-canceling," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 43, pp. 1341-1350, Jun. 2008.
[19]
B. Heydari, M. Bohsali, E. Adabi, and A. M. Niknejad, "Low-power mm-wave components up to 104 GHz in 90 nm CMOS," in IEEE Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf. (ISSCC) Dig. Tech. Papers, Feb. 2007, pp. 200-201.
[20]
C.-M. Lo, C.-S. Lin, and H. Wang, "A miniature V-band 3-stage cascode LNA in 0.13 m CMOS," in IEEE Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf. (ISSCC) Dig. Tech. Papers, Feb. 2006, pp. 322-323.
[21]
C. Weyers, P. Mayr, J. W. Kunze, and U. Langmann, "A 22.3 dB voltage gain 6.1 dB NF 60 GHz LNA in 65 nm CMOS with differential output," in IEEE Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf. (ISSCC) Dig. Tech. Papers, Feb. 2008, pp. 192-606.
[22]
C. Tsironis, R. Meierer, and R. Stahlmann, "Dual-gate MESFET mixers," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., vol. MTT-32, pp. 248-255, Mar. 1984.
[23]
P. J. Sullivan, B. A. Xavier, and W. H. Ku, "Doubly balanced dualgate CMOS mixer," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 878-881, Jun. 1999.
[24]
H. Hayashi and M. Muraguchi, "An MMIC Active phase shifter using a variable resonant circuit," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 47, pp. 2021-2026, Oct. 1999.
[25]
M. Chu, J. M. Huard, K. Y. Wong, and D. J. Allstot, "A 5 GHz widerange CMOS active phase shifter for wireless beamforming applications," in Proc. IEEE Radio Freq. Integr. Circuits (RFIC) Conf., Jan. 2006, pp. 47-50.
[26]
N. Marchand, "Transmission-line conversion transformers," Electronics, vol. 17, no. 12, pp. 142-145, Dec. 1944.
[27]
H.-Y. Chang, P.-S. Wu, T.-W. Huang, H. Wang, C.-L. Chang, and J. G. J. Chen, "Design and analysis of CMOS broad-band compact high-linearity modulators for gigabit microwave/millimeter-wave applications," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 20-30, Jan. 2006.
[28]
H.-C. Lu and T.-H. Chu, "Port reduction methods for scattering matrix measurement of an n-port network," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 959-968, Jun. 2000.

Cited By

View all
  • (2014)A 4-bit CMOS phase shifter for millimeter-wave phased arraysAnalog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing10.1007/s10470-014-0287-z79:3(461-468)Online publication date: 1-Jun-2014
  • (2010)Methodology of statistical RTS noise analysis with charge-carrier trapping modelsIEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part I: Regular Papers10.1109/TCSI.2010.204398857:5(1062-1070)Online publication date: 1-May-2010
  1. A 60-GHz phased array receiver front-end in 0.13-µm CMOS technology

      Recommendations

      Comments

      Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

      Information & Contributors

      Information

      Published In

      cover image IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part I: Regular Papers
      IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part I: Regular Papers  Volume 56, Issue 10
      October 2009
      227 pages

      Publisher

      IEEE Press

      Publication History

      Published: 01 October 2009
      Revised: 21 June 2009
      Received: 23 February 2009

      Author Tags

      1. Gm-boosting
      2. LNA
      3. current-reuse
      4. dual-gate
      5. mixer
      6. phase-array
      7. receiver
      8. sub-harmonic

      Qualifiers

      • Article

      Contributors

      Other Metrics

      Bibliometrics & Citations

      Bibliometrics

      Article Metrics

      • Downloads (Last 12 months)0
      • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
      Reflects downloads up to 09 Dec 2024

      Other Metrics

      Citations

      Cited By

      View all
      • (2014)A 4-bit CMOS phase shifter for millimeter-wave phased arraysAnalog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing10.1007/s10470-014-0287-z79:3(461-468)Online publication date: 1-Jun-2014
      • (2010)Methodology of statistical RTS noise analysis with charge-carrier trapping modelsIEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part I: Regular Papers10.1109/TCSI.2010.204398857:5(1062-1070)Online publication date: 1-May-2010

      View Options

      View options

      Login options

      Media

      Figures

      Other

      Tables

      Share

      Share

      Share this Publication link

      Share on social media