[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ skip to main content
research-article

Thermal-aware task allocation and scheduling for periodic real-time applications in mesh-based heterogeneous NoCs

Published: 01 October 2019 Publication History

Abstract

With continuous technology scaling, the power density and hence the temperature of Network-on-Chip (NoC) may increase rapidly. This in-turn degrades the performance of the chip and increases the chances of creating thermal hot-spots. Task allocation and scheduling (TAS) in NoC-based Multiprocessor Systems-on-Chip have significant effects on the energy consumption of the chip and the finish time of the application. Temperature profile of a chip depends on the power consumptions of the tiles and their relative positions. In this paper, we have proposed a simulated annealing based thermal-aware Task Allocation and Scheduling (TAS) method which jointly optimizes the task to core allocation and task-scheduling problem for the periodic real-time applications. It is a platform-based TAS procedure and is applicable for the Networks-on-Chip (NoCs) containing both the homogeneous and heterogeneous cores. Along with temperature minimization, our proposed method has also been applied with the objective of minimizing the finish time of the application. The trade-off between the application finish time and the peak temperature of the chip has also been analyzed in this work. An integer linear programming formulation for the TAS problem, mentioned in a recent literature, has been adopted to evaluate the accuracy of the solutions provided by our proposed method. We have also compared our method with a thermal-aware TAS technique proposed in a recent literature and found $$12.74\%$$ and $$35.06\%$$ improvements in the finish time of the application and the peak temperature of the chip respectively for a fully heterogeneous NoC-platform.

References

[1]
Benini L, Micheli GD (2006) Networks on chips. Morgan Kaufmann, Burlington
[2]
Borkar S (1999) Design challenges of technology scaling. IEEE Micro 19(4):23–29
[3]
Chantem T, Hu XS, Dick RP (2011) Temperature-aware scheduling and assignment for hard real-time applications on MPSoCs. IEEE Trans Very Large Scale Integr Syst 19(10):1884–1897
[4]
Chao HL, Chen YR, Tung SY, Hsiung PA, Chen SJ (2012) Congestion-aware scheduling for NoC-based reconfigurable systems. In: Design, automation test in Europe conference exhibition (DATE), 2012, pp 1561–1566
[5]
Chaturvedi V, Singh A, Zhang W, Srikanthan T (2014) Thermal-aware task scheduling for peak temperature minimization under periodic constraint for 3d-MPSoCs. In: 2014 25th IEEE international symposium on rapid system prototyping (RSP), pp 107–113
[6]
Coskun AK, Rosing TS, Whisnant KA, Gross KC (2008) Static and dynamic temperature-aware scheduling for multiprocessor socs. IEEE Trans Very Large Scale Integr Syst 16(9):1127–1140
[7]
Cox M, Singh AK, Kumar A, Corporaal H (2013) Thermal-aware mapping of streaming applications on 3d multi-processor systems. In: 2013 IEEE 11th symposium on embedded systems for real-time multimedia (ESTIMedia), pp 11–20
[8]
Cui J, Maskell DL (2010) High level event driven thermal estimation for thermal aware task allocation and scheduling. In: 2010 15th Asia and South Pacific in design automation conference (ASP-DAC), pp 793–798
[9]
Cui Y, Zhang W, Chaturvedi V, Liu W, He B (2014) Thermal-aware task scheduling for 3d-network-on-chip: A bottom-to-top scheme. In: 2014 14th international symposium on integrated circuits (ISIC), pp 224–227
[10]
Dick RP (2013) E3s: The embedded system synthesis benchmarks suite. http://ziyang.eecs.umich.edu/~dickrp/e3s/
[11]
Fangfa F, Yuxin B, Xinaan H, jinxiang W, Minyan Y, Jia Z (2010) An objective-flexible clustering algorithm for task mapping and scheduling on cluster-based NoC. In: 2010 10th Russian-Chinese symposium on laser physics and laser technologies (RCSLPLT) and 2010 academic symposium on optoelectronics technology (ASOT), pp 369–373
[12]
Gay DM (2011) User’s manual for cplex. Tech. rep., IBM
[13]
Goplen B, Sapatnekar SS (2006) Placement of thermal vias in 3-d ics using various thermal objectives. IEEE Trans Comput Aided Des Integr Circ Syst 25(4):692–709
[14]
Hanafi MZM, Ismail FS, Rosli R (2015) Radial plate fins heat sink model design and optimization. In: 2015 10th Asian control conference (ASCC), pp 1–5
[15]
He O, Dong S, Jang W, Bian J, Pan DZ (2012) Unism: Unified scheduling and mapping for general networks on chip. IEEE Trans Very Large Scale Integr Syst 20(8):1496–1509
[16]
Hu W, Tang X, Xie B, Chen T, Wang D (2010) An efficient power-aware optimization for task scheduling on NoC-based many-core system. In: 2010 IEEE 10th international conference on computer and information technology (CIT), pp 171–178
[17]
Huang J, Buckl C, Raabe A, Knoll A (2011) Energy-aware task allocation for network-on-chip based heterogeneous multiprocessor systems. In: 2011 19th Euromicro international conference on parallel, distributed and network-based processing (PDP), pp 447–454
[18]
Huang W, Ghosh S, Velusamy S, Sankaranarayanan K, Skadron K, Stan M (2006) Hotspot: a compact thermal modeling methodology for early-stage vlsi design. IEEE Trans Very Large Scale Integr Syst 14(5):501–513
[19]
Semiconductor Industry Association (2011) International technology roadmap for semiconductors (ITRS), technical report. (2011)
[20]
JEDEC (2018) Arrhenius equation (for reliability), JEDEC Global Standards for the Microelectronics Industry
[21]
Jantsch A, Tenhunen H (2007) Networks on Chip. Springer, New York
[22]
Kagiyama Y, Okumura S, Yanagida K, Yoshimoto S, Nakata Y, Izumi S, Kawaguchi H, Yoshimoto M (2012) Bit error rate estimation in sram considering temperature fluctuation. In: 2012 13th International symposium on quality electronic design (ISQED), pp 516–519
[23]
Khajekarimi E, Hashemi MR (2013) Energy-aware ilp formulation for application mapping on NoC based MPSoCs. In: 2013 21st Iranian conference on electrical engineering (ICEE), pp 1–5. IEEE
[24]
Kundu S, Chattopadhyay S (2014) Network-on-Chip. CRC Press, Boca Raton
[25]
Liu Y, Yang Y, Hu J (2010) Clustering-based simultaneous task and voltage scheduling for NoC systems. In: 2010 IEEE/ACM international conference on computer-aided design (ICCAD), pp 277–283
[26]
Park MW, Kim YD (1998) A systematic procedure for setting parameters in simulated annealing algorithms. Comput Oper Res 25(3):207–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-0548(97)00054-3
[27]
Raina A, Muthukumar V (2009) Traffic aware scheduling algorithm for network on chip. In: Sixth international conference on information technology: new generations, 2009. ITNG ’09, pp 877–882
[28]
Roy K, Mukhopadhyay S, Mahmoodi-Meimand H (2003) Leakage current mechanisms and leakage reduction techniques in deep-submicrometer cmos circuits. Proc IEEE 91(2):305–327
[29]
Rudi A, Bartolini A, Lodi A, Benini L (2014) Optimum: thermal-aware task allocation for heterogeneous many-core devices. In: 2014 International conference on high performance computing simulation (HPCS), pp 82–87
[30]
Seo E, Jeong J, Park S, Lee J (2008) Energy efficient scheduling of real-time tasks on multicore processors. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 19(11):1540–1552
[31]
Sheikh HF, Ahmad I (2013) Dynamic task graph scheduling on multicore processors for performance, energy, and temperature optimization. In: 2013 International on green computing conference (IGCC), pp 1–6
[32]
Skadron K, Stan M, HW, Velusami S (2003) Temperature-aware microarchitecture: Extended discussion and results. Tech. rep., Univ. of Virginia Dept. of Computer Science Tech. Report CS-2003-08
[33]
Soumya J, Chattopadhyay S (2013) Application-specific network-on-chip synthesis with flexible router placement. J. Syst. Archit. 59(7):361–371
[34]
Sridhar A, Vincenzi A, Ruggiero M, Brunschwiler T, Atienza D (2010) Compact transient thermal model for 3d ics with liquid cooling via enhanced heat transfer cavity geometries. In: 2010 16th International workshop on thermal investigations of ICs and systems (THERMINIC), pp 1–6
[35]
Vallerio K (2008) Task graphs for free (tgff v3.0). Technical Report
[36]
Varatkar G, Marculescu R (2003) Communication-aware task scheduling and voltage selection for total systems energy minimization. In: International conference on computer aided design, 2003. ICCAD-2003, pp 510–517
[37]
Vecchi MP, Kirkpatrick S (1983) Global wiring by simulated annealing. IEEE Trans Comput Aided Des Integr Circ Syst 2(4):215–222
[38]
Wang HS, Zhu X, Peh LS, Malik S (2003) Orion: a power-performance simulator for interconnection networks. In: 35th Annual IEEE/ACM international symposium on microarchitecture, 2002. (MICRO-35). Proceedings, pp 294–305
[39]
Wu Z, Fu F, Wang L, Wang J, Lai F (2011) Energy-aware dynamic scheduling for NoC-based MPSoCs. In: 2011 Academic international symposium on optoelectronics and microelectronics technology (AISOMT), pp 308–312
[40]
Xie Y, Hung WL (2006) Temperature-aware task allocation and scheduling for embedded multiprocessor systems-on-chip (MPSoC) design. J VLSI Signal Process Syst Signal Image Video Technol 45(3):177–189
[41]
Yang PF, Wang Q (2014) Effective task scheduling and ip mapping algorithm for heterogeneous NoC-based MPSoC. Math Probl Eng. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/202748
[42]
Zhang Y, King CR, Zaveri J, Kim YJ, Sahu V, Joshi Y, Bakir MS (2011) Coupled electrical and thermal 3d ic centric microfluidic heat sink design and technology. In: 2011 IEEE 61st electronic components and technology conference (ECTC), pp 2037–2044
[43]
Zhou J, Wei T, Chen M, Yan J, Hu S, Ma Y (2015) Thermal-aware task scheduling for energy minimization in heterogeneous real-time MPSoC systems. IEEE Trans Comput Aided Des Integr Circ Syst PP(99):1–1
[44]
Zhou X, Yang J, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Zhao J (2010) Thermal-aware task scheduling for 3d multicore processors. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 21(1):60–71

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Thermal-aware application mapping using genetic and fuzzy logic techniques for minimizing temperature in three-dimensional network-on-chipThe Journal of Supercomputing10.1007/s11227-023-05869-x80:8(11214-11240)Online publication date: 1-May-2024
  • (2023)Scheduling Strategies and Future Directions for NoC: A Systematic Literature ReviewAutomatic Control and Computer Sciences10.3103/S014641162304004157:4(413-421)Online publication date: 1-Aug-2023

Index Terms

  1. Thermal-aware task allocation and scheduling for periodic real-time applications in mesh-based heterogeneous NoCs
          Index terms have been assigned to the content through auto-classification.

          Recommendations

          Comments

          Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

          Information & Contributors

          Information

          Published In

          cover image Real-Time Systems
          Real-Time Systems  Volume 55, Issue 4
          Oct 2019
          217 pages

          Publisher

          Kluwer Academic Publishers

          United States

          Publication History

          Published: 01 October 2019

          Author Tags

          1. Task allocation and scheduling
          2. Thermal-aware design
          3. Heterogeneous Network-on-Chip (NoC)
          4. Simulated annealing (SA)
          5. Real-time applications

          Qualifiers

          • Research-article

          Contributors

          Other Metrics

          Bibliometrics & Citations

          Bibliometrics

          Article Metrics

          • Downloads (Last 12 months)0
          • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
          Reflects downloads up to 27 Dec 2024

          Other Metrics

          Citations

          Cited By

          View all
          • (2024)Thermal-aware application mapping using genetic and fuzzy logic techniques for minimizing temperature in three-dimensional network-on-chipThe Journal of Supercomputing10.1007/s11227-023-05869-x80:8(11214-11240)Online publication date: 1-May-2024
          • (2023)Scheduling Strategies and Future Directions for NoC: A Systematic Literature ReviewAutomatic Control and Computer Sciences10.3103/S014641162304004157:4(413-421)Online publication date: 1-Aug-2023

          View Options

          View options

          Media

          Figures

          Other

          Tables

          Share

          Share

          Share this Publication link

          Share on social media