Mapmaking Process Reading from Local Distortions in Historical Maps: A Geographically Weighted Bidimensional Regression Analysis of a Japanese Castle Map
<p>Historical and modern maps of Takada. Source: (<b>a</b>) “Takada Castle Town map (250 × 205 cm)” produced by Archives Center, Joetsu City; (<b>b</b>) “GSI Maps” produced by Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI). Partly modified by the author.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Trace drawing of the Shoho Castle Map of Takada.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Distortions in Euclidean and affine transformations.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Tissot’s indicatrices at 115 control points. The background maps are displayed with 70% transparency. Source: (<b>a</b>) “Takada Castle Town map (250 × 205 cm)” produced by Archives Center, Joetsu City. (<b>b</b>) “GSI Maps” produced by Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI). Partly modified by the author.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Local distortions at 115 control points in the Shoho Castle Map of Takada.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Differences between the shear angles along the <span class="html-italic">x</span>- and <span class="html-italic">y</span>-axes.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Ratios of the lengths of line segments from the center (main gate) of the maps. The numbers connected by arrows indicate ratios calculated with respect to the line segment with a value of 1.0. The line segments connect the corresponding edges on the two maps. The background maps are displayed with 70% transparency. Source: (<b>a</b>) “Takada Castle Town map (250 × 205 cm)” produced by Archives Center, Joetsu City. (<b>b</b>) “GSI Maps” produced by Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI). Partly modified by the author.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>Magnified view of the area around the main gate of historical and modern maps of Takada. Source: (<b>a</b>) “Takada Castle Town map (250 × 205 cm)” produced by Archives Center, Joetsu City; (<b>b</b>) “GSI Maps” produced by Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI). Partly modified by the author.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Background
1.2. Shoho Castle Maps
1.3. Distortion of the Shoho Castle Maps
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Methods
3. Results
3.1. Visualization of Local Distortions
3.2. Scaling
3.3. Shearing
4. Discussion
4.1. Composition of the Takada Shoho Castle Map
4.2. Limitations and Future Plan
5. Conclusions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Appendix A.1. Global Bidimensional Regression
Appendix A.2. Geographically Weighted Bidimensional Regression (GWBR)
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Yabe, N. Mapmaking Process Reading from Local Distortions in Historical Maps: A Geographically Weighted Bidimensional Regression Analysis of a Japanese Castle Map. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2024, 13, 124. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13040124
Yabe N. Mapmaking Process Reading from Local Distortions in Historical Maps: A Geographically Weighted Bidimensional Regression Analysis of a Japanese Castle Map. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2024; 13(4):124. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13040124
Chicago/Turabian StyleYabe, Naoto. 2024. "Mapmaking Process Reading from Local Distortions in Historical Maps: A Geographically Weighted Bidimensional Regression Analysis of a Japanese Castle Map" ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 13, no. 4: 124. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13040124
APA StyleYabe, N. (2024). Mapmaking Process Reading from Local Distortions in Historical Maps: A Geographically Weighted Bidimensional Regression Analysis of a Japanese Castle Map. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 13(4), 124. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13040124