Soil Erosion Threatens Food Production
<p>About 50 mm of soil blown from cropland in Kansas during the winter of 1995–1996 (E.L Skidmore, USDA, Manhattan, KS. photo spring of 1996).</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Cloud of sand from Africa being blown across the Atlantic Ocean [<a href="#B15-agriculture-03-00443" class="html-bibr">15</a>].</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Cereal Grain Production per capita in the world from 1961 to 2010 [<a href="#B58-agriculture-03-00443" class="html-bibr">58</a>,<a href="#B133-agriculture-03-00443" class="html-bibr">133</a>].</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Causes of Erosion
2.1. Soil Structure
2.2. The Role of Vegetative Cover
2.3. Land Topography
2.4. Other Soil Disturbances
3. Assessing Soil Erosion
3.1. Loss of Productivity in Managed Ecosystems
3.2. Worldwide Cropland
3.3. U.S. Cropland
3.4. Pasture and Rangeland
3.5. Forest Land
4. Effects of Soil Erosion on Terrestrial Ecosystems
4.1. Water Availability
4.2. Nutrient Losses
4.3. Soil Organic Matter
4.4. Soil Depth
5. Biomass, Soil Biota and Biodiversity
Organism | Biomass (kg fresh weight) |
---|---|
Plants | 20,000 |
Fungi | 4,000 |
Bacteria | 3,000 |
Arthropods | 1,000 |
Annelids | 1,320 |
Protozoa | 380 |
Algae | 200 |
Nematodes | 120 |
Mammals | 1.2 |
Birds | 0.3 |
6. Sediments and Wind Blown Soil Particles
7. Conservation Technologies and Research
8. Conclusion: Productive Soils and Food Security
Acknowledgments
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Pimentel, D.; Burgess, M. Soil Erosion Threatens Food Production. Agriculture 2013, 3, 443-463. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture3030443
Pimentel D, Burgess M. Soil Erosion Threatens Food Production. Agriculture. 2013; 3(3):443-463. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture3030443
Chicago/Turabian StylePimentel, David, and Michael Burgess. 2013. "Soil Erosion Threatens Food Production" Agriculture 3, no. 3: 443-463. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture3030443
APA StylePimentel, D., & Burgess, M. (2013). Soil Erosion Threatens Food Production. Agriculture, 3(3), 443-463. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture3030443