Open AccessArticle

System Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality Technology in the Interactive Design of Interior Decoration

Shuang Wu

and

Sangyun Han

Department of Convergence Design, Hanseo University, Ruishan 356850, Republic of Korea

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(10), 6272; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13106272

Submission received: 30 March 2023 / Revised: 3 May 2023 / Accepted: 4 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Methods and Applications for Industry IoT Using Sensors-Based Artificial Intelligence)

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Abstract

Applying artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual reality (VR) technology to interior decoration design can effectively shorten the time of communication between customers and the designers, the design time, and the distance between designers, customers, and the space to be designed, which meet contemporary needs. This paper aimed to study how to analyze and design an interactive interior decoration design system based on AI and VR technology. This paper also used the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) method to comprehensively verify and evaluate the designed system. According to the system verification experiment in this paper, the sensitivities of the left, right, front, and rear operating handles for 50 times were 99.38%, 99.36%, 99.49%, and 99.21%, respectively. In addition, when the number of users simultaneously using the system was 60, the system’s stability, security, response time, and stuck time were 98.72%, 98.40%, 0.834 s, and 0.322 s, respectively. Based on a series of evaluative tests, the interactive design system for interior decoration presented in this paper is feasible and worthy of further promotion and application. The system designed in this article has reference value for the academic community and boasts certain innovative aspects.

Keywords:

interior decoration design; virtual reality technology; artificial intelligence; fuzzy comprehensive evaluation

1. Introduction

AI has completed the transformation from no wisdom to wisdom. By means of AI and super AI, AI has promoted the development of rational logic, such as abandoning primitive emotion and physiology. People all hope to make the interior decoration of their house perfect, which can not only bring them visual pleasure, but also reflect their own taste in life. With traditional interior decoration, the floor plan is generally drawn according to the needs of the owner, and the effect of such a design is not good. The arrival of VR technology has immersed everyone and deepened their understanding of interior decoration. Through the combination of AI and VR technologies, this paper applies them to an interactive interior decoration design system, which greatly expands the development of this field and provides a good reference value.

The study of interior decoration has gradually increased over time. Kang et al. [1] designed and weaved staple fiber and textured stretch yarn for interior decoration designs to achieve sound absorption. Lollar et al. [2] focused on interior decoration methods, involving metal–organic frames and a dynamic relationship between these methods and the stability of the frames. Karimov et al. [3] considered the characteristics of the modern style tendency in interior design, which is an integral part of the main interior style. Xueqing and Wang [4] introduced building information model technology and analyzed its application in building interior decoration designs. Although these studies have promoted interior design to a certain extent, they have not been combined with AI or VR technology.

At the same time, VR technology has gradually attracted widespread attention from the academic community. Zhang et al. [5] used MultiGen Creator 3D modeling technology to reconstruct the interior landscape, thus forming a plane image of interior design. Juan et al. [6] aimed to develop a user-oriented interior design and decoration decision support system based on VR. Xu [7] improved the design software based on the fuzzy Kano model and carried out a detailed study on the case of VR interior design software. Li et al. [8] introduced VR technology and a computer simulation platform and combined them to study architectural design and interior decoration. Patwal et al. [9] discussed classic deep learning-based crowd counting methods. In this paper, we briefly introduce detection-based, regression-based, and classical density estimation methods. Uunona et al. [10] discussed the ethical impact of artificial intelligence in online learning and proposed the best practices for developing ethical AI-driven online learning applications. Lv [11] reviewed relevant methods and focused on the attention mechanism, which plays a crucial role in computer vision and is widely used in image captioning generation tasks. Although these research methods are innovative, large amounts of experimental data are needed to demonstrate the reliability of these approaches.

This paper first analyzes the evaluation method of interactive design of interior decoration and studies it from three aspects: AI and VR technology, VR interactive design of interior decoration, and FCE. Second, this paper uses questionnaires to analyze the specific functions that the respondents want AI and VR technology to be used for in interior decoration. Finally, this paper designed an interactive design system for interior decoration and evaluated it through a series of tests.

2. Materials and Methods

2.1. AI and VR Technology

AI has enabled the combination of human and machine intelligence and has had a far-reaching influence on changes in design thinking [12]. With the support of AI technology, the user experience, mental model, and perceptual cognitive logic are integrated into the interactive design of interior decoration to form an interactive feedforward and feedback experience that helps finally achieve the interactive design goal [13]. The ultimate goal of AI development is to achieve automatic decision-making through AI [14]. In the process of metadata’s gradual development into knowledge, intelligence, and information, multiple information structures and empirical models play an important role.

VR allows its audience to obtain a sense of reality in a virtual environment through high-tech methods. VR is a digital environment with computer techniques at its core and is integrated with associated science and technology, thus creating a virtual environment that highly approximates a real environment with respect to sight, sound, and touch [15]. To sum this up, based on computer technology, it can simulate real things and create fictional virtual things, which is a breakthrough for VR technology when it comes to exploring the history of human civilization. With this digital technology, people can relive history, feel the present, and experience the future. Historically, VR technology has also provided a new way for human cognition, exploration, and creation.

The evolutionary development of VR has gone through five stages from the initial vague concept to the current high-speed technology: the embryonic development stage (the early 1900s to the 1960s), the research and development practice stage (the early 1960s to the end of the 1980s), the civil development stage (the early 1990s to the early 2000s), the flat stagnation stage (the early 21st century), and the golden stage (2011 to the present) [16].

VR technology is the integration of multiple disciplines and finally forms a new product with unique characteristics [17]. The three most distinctive features of VR are immersion, interactivity, and imagination, as shown in Figure 1.

The three characteristics of VR technology are immersion, interactivity, and conceptualization. Virtual reality, also known as virtual technology or virtual environment, is a new practical technology developed in the 20th century that utilizes computer simulation to create a three-dimensional virtual world. It provides users with visual and other sensory simulations that make them feel as if they are experiencing their surroundings and are able to observe things in 3D (three-dimensional) space in real time and without limitations. VR has made great progress and is becoming a novel field as technology develops.

(1) Immersion: With digital technology, VR can provide the most authentic experience. The sense of immersion of the five senses is the most significant part. A virtual environment is simulated by computer simulation technology. Visually, it can show the real picture of the objective world. Haptically, it can stimulate the viewer’s senses with the simulator. In terms of smell, it can also match the virtual environment to change the smell in the real scene. At this time, the audience can obtain a more realistic experience from the visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, and other aspects, similar to being in the real world. This is the immersion of VR technology. (2) Interactive user experience—“human–computer interaction”—is a special focus in today’s design process. VR regards human interaction as a key point that takes it to a new level. VR technology uses computer equipment to increase the audience’s affinity for virtual scenes, which is the most important feature of VR technology [18]. At present, there are a large number of products on the market that can improve the user experience, of which films, television, games, and travel are the most prominent. The interactive characteristics of interactive technology are the bridges to realize its optimal device usage and user emotion. Before the popularity of VR technology, most gamers might have felt that “people”, “machines”, and “games” were completely separate, but, in VR, due to the interaction between people, they can have more intimate feelings with the environment in the game, thus weakening the impact of mechanical devices on the game. (3) Highly creative imagination: in psychology, imagination refers to the reassembly of information that already exists in people’s minds into new information. One of the characteristics of VR is that it can enrich the imagination of the viewer, which means that the viewer can be immersed in the virtual system. The imaginative presentation allows the viewer to make new associations with the product and has an immediate inspirational effect that can change people’s mindset.

2.2. Interactive Design of VR Interior Decoration

Nowadays, people pay more attention to the pursuit of the spiritual world, so the requirements for decoration are becoming increasingly great. Therefore, VR technology begins to be widely used in interior decoration [19]. Because of its wide coverage and application links, it is necessary to strengthen the research on the application of this technology in interior decoration, so that the application of it in decoration can be improved continuously.

The application of VR technology in interior decoration is the most basic one. Effective use of three-dimensional modeling technology can realize the extension of three-dimensional space and enhance the three-dimensional sense of interior decoration space, so as to better turn virtual space into reality.

In the past, in the process of designing a house, the residents designed it according to their own ideas. They decorated it completely by their own intuition, without any design drawings. However, in today’s society, people are becoming more demanding, and they are eager to make some changes to the houses they live in. Customers can communicate with designers and inform them of their needs. After that, designers design according to their own experience and understanding. However, since the design drawings are not realistically displayed in front of the client, or the client is not a professional, they cannot really understand the design, so some large projects can use VR technology. VR technology is rapidly evolving in interior design systems. Compared with the traditional hand-painted exhibition, the three-dimensional technology presented by VR has great advantages. Its size and scale are closer to reality and can be better displayed, which makes it not exaggerated by artificial rendering. Such a design can better express the effect that the designer wants to achieve. Due to its life-like nature, it can bring a better design feeling to the client, without the regret of design mistakes [20]. This design is more humanized, professional, and technical, which can make the design process faster and more realistic.

As people all know, designing and implementing a project requires a lot of money, material resources, and manpower. During the design process, it is often difficult to express the client’s ideas through drafts. Some clients may ask to see the renderings. At this point, if VR technology is used for mapping, the whole process can be faster, and the data obtained can be more accurate [21]. However, VR technology has a big defect. That is, its cost is relatively high in practical applications, so in large projects, this technology can be used extensively, while, in smaller projects, its use changes depending on the client’s preferences. Compared to traditional technologies, virtual technology is more valuable, mainly because it is a new information technology, and it does not have many users at the moment.

VR technology is used to provide users with a very intuitive and visual feeling by using the computer effect picture. The application of VR technology in interior design is of great value. In general, this paper considers that VR technology mainly includes several aspects, shown in Figure 2.

VR is an important direction of simulation technology. It is a combination of simulation technology and computer graphics, human–computer interface technology, multimedia technology, sensor technology, network technology, and other technologies. It is a challenging interdisciplinary and research field with cutting-edge technologies. VR mainly includes aspects, such as simulated environment, perception, natural skills, and sensing devices. The simulation environment is a real-time dynamic three-dimensional realistic image generated by a computer. Perception refers to the ideal VR that should have the perception that everyone has. In addition to the visual perception generated by computer graphics technology, there are senses, such as hearing, touch, force, motion, and even smell and taste, also known as multi perception.

(1): Intuitive expression of interior decoration design

With the rapid development of information technology, a question worth exploring is how to use information technology to present modern interior design vividly and make users better understand the designer’s design intention. The traditional interior decoration design not only involves a lot of fields, but also has a relatively complex process. It is mainly hand-drawn, with a relatively simple way of expression. It is difficult for designers to express their true thoughts directly, and users cannot really feel the designers’ intentions.

(2): Improvement of design efficiency

In the previous design, designers mainly designed according to their own design experience and cases, and then they carried out creative design on this basis. In this process, designers would spend a lot of time organizing the design information, so the efficiency of the design work was very low.

(3): Attraction of the introduction of scientific and technological elements to consumer groups

Human life and work have become more and more convenient. Whether household interior designers can provide effective solutions for users can be said to be the basis for obtaining user recognition. Designers can use VR technology to establish an interactive analysis system for interior decoration design, which is convenient to mobilize the enthusiasm of users to participate in design activities.

The application analysis of VR technology in the interactive analysis of interior decoration design is shown in Figure 3.

The collation of residential interior decoration design data applies VR technology to the interactive analysis of interior decoration design with attention to the sustainability of the design industry [22,23]. Parameters of residential interiors are collected mainly in quantitative and variable terms. After collecting the relevant data, it is necessary to classify the type and structure of residential interior space, the selection and configuration of residential interior furniture, the design of residential interior ceilings, and the design of residential interior flooring, as well as to create a corresponding database.

Establishment of a corresponding database for three-dimensional modeling: after collecting and sorting out the above data, designers can edit three-dimensional information of each part of the space through VR technology, according to the actual requirements of interior decoration design, combining the actual needs of quantification and variables, and they can establish a visual and intuitive three-dimensional data model library. In particular, it is necessary to ensure that the data provided are correct in order to make the three-dimensional display more intuitive.

Development of immersive interactive system: in the specific design process, designers can use VR technology to complete an immersive interactive system, thus providing a realistic three-dimensional simulation environment for designers and users. Meanwhile, the VR environment and the interactive system are organically combined by using traditional devices, which makes it easier for users to carry out relevant operations, so as to obtain more realism. In addition, designers mainly interact with the virtual environment through sensing devices to achieve real-time information editing, which is mainly through quantitative selection or variable selection. It allows users to obtain multiple senses, such as vision, hearing, and touch, and then it helps users complete the interactive analysis function of the interior decoration design of the house.

2.3. FCE

A FCE approach to evaluate AI and VR based interactive design systems for interior decoration is needed to better understand the integrity of the system.

The FCE method is a systematic analysis and evaluation of “fuzzy” objects by using the basic principles of fuzzy mathematics. It mainly adopts fuzzy reasoning, qualitative and quantitative combination, and precise and imprecise combination, while taking into account the complex internal relationship between objects and complex value systems.

The FCE method is to combine the existing evaluation indicators with the test data, and then one can make a comprehensive evaluation of the evaluation objectives through fuzzy transformation. Its basic principles are as follows:

If an object, P, is evaluated according to factor I, and the evaluation level is comment set

B = {b_{1}, b_{2}, \dots, b_{k}}

, then the fuzzy relationship between the factor field and the comment field can be expressed by the evaluation matrix (1):

R_{o} = (r_{o 1}, r_{o 2}, \dots, r_{o k})

(1)

r_{o k}

is the degree to which factor

i_{o}

has

b_{k}

, that is, the degree of subordination of factor

i_{o}

to level

b_{k}

, and

0 \leq r_{o k} \leq 1

It is assumed that the fuzzy subset on the factor field is:

W = \frac{w_{1}}{i_{1}} + \frac{w_{2}}{i_{2}} + \dots + \frac{w_{o}}{i_{o}}

(2)

w_{o}

is the subordinate degree of

i_{o}

to W, which is the measure of the role of single factor

i_{o}

in the total evaluation factors. W is usually called the fuzzy weight vector of factor set I.

It is assumed that the hierarchical fuzzy subset on the comment field B is:

Q = \frac{q_{1}}{b_{1}} + \frac{q_{2}}{b_{2}} + \dots + \frac{q_{k}}{b_{k}}

(3)

Among them,

q_{k}

is the subordinate degree of object P rated as grade

b_{k}

, and Q is the comprehensive evaluation result.

In fact, when W and R are known, the following holds:

Q = W \cdot R

(4)

The comprehensive evaluation result Q can be obtained by Formula (4). Among them,

\cdot

can select some fuzzy product operation according to the actual problem.

In this paper, the FCE method was used to evaluate the interior decoration interactive design system based on AI and VR. After the system design was completed, the evaluation result of this paper was good. Therefore, the system designed in this paper had passed the FCE.

3. Results

3.1. Design Requirements

This paper randomly selected 132 people who had the intention to buy interior decoration items and conducted a questionnaire survey on them. An amount of 132 questionnaires were issued, and 126 were returned and valid. The questionnaires were analyzed in the following words. The research question is the demand analysis of the respondents on the VR technology interior decoration interaction design system.

Figure 4 shows the relevant data of the respondents’ understanding of AI and VR technology and their expectation of their application in the interactive design of interior decoration.

According to Figure 4a, 19 respondents were very familiar with AI and VR technologies, accounting for 15.08%; 38 respondents quite understood them, accounting for 30.16%; 52 respondents understood them, accounting for 41.27%; 13 respondents did not know much about them, accounting for 10.32%; four respondents had never heard of AI and VR technology, accounting for 3.17%. In view of the fact that a small number of respondents did not know these technologies very well, this paper carried out corresponding science popularization for the respondents in this part, and then we conducted further investigation.

According to Figure 4b, 43 respondents very much expected AI and VR technologies to be applied in the interactive design of interior decoration, accounting for 34.13%; 47 respondents relatively expected the technologies, accounting for 37.30%; 32 respondents generally expected the technologies, accounting for 25.40%; four respondents did not very much expect this, accounting for 3.17%; none of the respondents did not totally expect this. It can be seen that the combination of AI and VR technologies with the interactive design of interior decoration had met the expectations of most people.

Table 1 shows the specific types of data related to respondents’ desire for AI and VR technologies to be used in interior decoration.

It can be seen from Table 1 that 35 respondents hoped that AI and VR technologies could be applied to furniture for interior decoration, accounting for 27.78%; 33 respondents wanted to apply them to wallpaper, accounting for 26.19%; there were 28 respondents who wanted to apply them to the floor, accounting for 22.22%; there were 12 respondents who wanted to apply them to the ceiling, accounting for 9.52%; 10 respondents hoped to apply them to decorative paintings, accounting for 7.94%; eight respondents also hoped to apply them to other items, accounting for 6.35%.

3.2. System Design

On this basis, this paper proposed an interactive interior decoration design system based on AI and VR. Such an architecture makes the organizational form of the project clearer and the division of tasks clearer, which is convenient for the subsequent upgrading and maintenance of the project.

Presentation layer: this refers to the interface presented to the user, that is, what the user sees when using a system. Its function is to display the product business to specific users, as well as to collect the information entered by users, so as to carry out interactive operations. The function of the user interface is to accept the user’s request, and return the data, providing access to the application for the client. User interface: it is the most concerned and easiest place for users to touch in the presentation layer. Its function is to display the visual effect of the interface and to collect the input of the user, so as to provide users with an intuitive interface and an easy-to-use interactive operation.

Business logic layer: it is the processing of specific operational business objects. Business objects can be considered as the operations and behaviors of the data layer. For the operations of the data layer, specifically, it is to combine the operations of the data layer. This layer is a very important part of the system architecture, which focuses on formulating business rules, implementing business processes, and system design related to business requirements, that is, related to the corresponding domain logic of the system. In the scalable architecture, the business logic layer is the bridge connecting the data access layer and the presentation layer, and it is the basis for achieving scalability. Hierarchy is a weak coupling structure. The relationship between the hierarchies is downward. Changing the design of the hierarchy does not have any effect on the calls to the hierarchy. If the hierarchical design based on interface is adopted, this downward dependency can also be called weak dependency. If the definition of the interface is not changed, then the best hierarchy is the “drawer” type, as it can be extracted and replaced. This is why it is particularly important to design an architecture that enables scalability—because it can play two roles. At the data access level, it is the call end, and, at the expression level, it is called the object.

The realization of the system function mainly consists of three modules: loading interface, virtual tour, and VR interaction, as shown in Figure 5.

To create a surreal immersion for users, this paper focuses on a more detailed study of the VR virtual roaming function, which enhanced users’ immersion and integrity through their autonomous roaming. In this study, users wear VR glasses with mobile phones. They use head rotation to control virtual visual angle and special mobile VR handle to control walking, so as to interact with specific furniture and interior decoration.

In the roaming interaction link, users can experience the highlight of the research—the rearrangement of furniture and interior decoration. When the user walks in the virtual room with VR glasses, the furniture would become highlighted when the visual center falls on the changeable furniture. When the user clicks the confirm button in front of the handle, the furniture would become the alternative furniture. This sofa would become prominent because the user’s eyes focus on it.

When the user approaches the trigger button of the wall or floor, the focus point falls on the button, and the button would become highlighted. At this time, after clicking the “OK” button on the handle, the wall or floor would become an option.

3.3. System Test

Based on the system design, the following tests were conducted on the system from multiple aspects to verify its feasibility.

The handles were operated in the front, back, left, and right directions, and the number of operations was explored from 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50, respectively. Figure 6 shows the relevant data of the sensitivity test of the handle in different directions.

According to Figure 6a, the sensitivities of the left and right operating handles for 10 times were 99.89% and 99.90%, respectively; the sensitivities of the left and right operating handles for 30 times were 99.65% and 99.63%, respectively; and, the sensitivities of operating the left and right handle for 50 times were 99.38% and 99.36%, respectively.

According to Figure 6b, the sensitivities operating the handles on the front and back sides for 10 times were 99.93% and 99.83%, respectively; the sensitivity operating the handles on the front and back sides for 30 times were 99.74% and 99.50%, respectively; the sensitivities operating the handle on the front and back sides for 50 times were 99.49% and 99.21%, respectively.

The length of the delay time is a good indicator of the fluency of a system. Table 2 shows the relevant data of the delay time of the transformation of indoor decoration props in the system. The transformation of props for different interior decoration items, sizes, shapes, for random operation is also shown.

It can be seen, from Table 2, that, when the number of interior decoration props was 2, the delay time was 0.258 s; when the number of interior decoration props was 4, the delay time was 0.425 s; when the number of interior decoration props was 6, the delay time was 0.679 s; when the number of interior decoration props was 8, the delay time was 0.905 s; when the number of interior decoration props was 10, the delay time was 1.320 s.

By analyzing response time and lag time, the smooth performance of the system can be better reflected. Figure 7 shows the relevant data of the system stability, safety, response time, and stuck time tests.

According to Figure 7a, when the number of users using the system was 20, the stability and security of the system were 99.36% and 99.48%, respectively; when the number of users using the system was 40, the stability and security of the system were 99.04% and 98.91%, respectively; and, when the number of users using the system was 60, the stability and security of the system were 98.72% and 98.40%, respectively.

According to Figure 7b, when the number of users using the system was 20, the system response time and stuck time were 0.372 s and 0.128 s, respectively; when the number of users using the system was 40, the system response time and stuck time were 0.561 s and 0.243 s, respectively; and, when the number of users using the system was 60, the system response time and stuck time were 0.834 s and 0.322 s, respectively.

4. Discussion

As VR becomes more and more mature, its integration with various fields is also progressing, but the lack of innovation is also one of the problems it encounters. On the other hand, people’s requirements for interior design have already risen to a new level, and they want the design to reflect their unique taste and aesthetic sensibilities. VR technology has attracted much attention from the beginning. From its development process, its application is mainly concentrated in the military and aerospace fields. In this regard, NASA’s (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) space simulation system and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency’s virtual battlefield have achieved great success. Later, it was gradually used for civilian use. At the same time, VR technology has been gradually integrated with clinical medicine, urban planning, online education, tourism, exhibition and other fields, resulting in a variety of virtual systems, which eventually produced a certain scale benefit and have an impact on social and economic patterns. The combination of VR and many industrial fields can provide a new technology development method for “VR+”.

It can be said that the application of AI in interaction design covers all aspects. Each link should start with a specific problem and improve the matching effectiveness of solving the problem through multiple solutions and optimal solutions. In the AI field, the interactive process also emphasizes the importance of innovation. The integration of AI intelligence and VR technology has given greater development space to the integration of traditional industries and new technologies.

This article applies AI and VR technology to interior decoration design and analyzes the design requirements. Through a questionnaire survey, this article has not only learned the respondents’ understanding of AI and VR technology and their expectations for the application of AI and VR technology in interaction design of interior decoration, but it has also analyzed the specific types of AI and VR technology that the respondents hoped to apply to interior decoration. On this basis, relevant systems were designed and validated. The experimental data showed that the system has certain feasibility.

The combination of VR and interior decoration design repositions the role of customers in interior decoration, making them not only the owners of the house, but also participants in the design. The combination of art and technology can broaden their functions in different fields, saving manpower and resources, while also enhancing the overall aesthetic. With the development of VR, the concept and technology of “mixed reality” have been introduced in the past two years, aiming to integrate virtual environments with real environments, making it almost impossible for users to distinguish between virtual and real scenes, and allowing them to change and operate virtual scenes according to their own needs. In this way, people gradually eliminate heavy virtual devices and deepen the original immersion of VR. The combination of mixed reality and interior design can break traditional design patterns, and the efficiency of this approach must be widely favored by designers.

5. Conclusions

In general, this paper introduces the evaluation method of interior decoration interactive design, and it also introduces the experiment and analysis of VR interior decoration interactive design system. The interior decoration interactive design system designed in this paper on the basis of AI and VR technology has a relatively good performance in verification. The application of VR technology has been accepted by most people over time. Indoor places are the places where human beings are engaged in daily activities, and the demand for its functions is increasing. With the increase in people’s work and less leisure time, people have higher and higher requirements for a fast and efficient lifestyle. All in all, virtual reality technology plays a significant role in interior design. When designing indoor design, it is necessary to maximize the use of space, and both the spiritual and physical aspects of people should be considered. VR technology has the characteristics of immersion, interactivity, and rich imagination. It can give users an illusion of being in the real world. Indoor design should not only allow consumers to feel the beauty of the product, but it should also let users feel the connotation of the product and stimulate the designer’s sense of innovation. At present, in the VR content industry, manual modeling is the main method. This method is inefficient and has low accuracy. To achieve high fidelity, more human financial and time investments are required. At present, the hardware of mobile devices is still at the low-end, and the advantages of VR have not been fully utilized, resulting in unsatisfactory immersion and handling comfort. It can be believed that, with the rapid development of technology, within a few years, the processors on cell phones can become better and better, and haptic gloves and other VR accessories can be widely used, allowing users to really feel the changes brought about by VR.

Author Contributions

Writing—original draft preparation, S.W.; writing—review and editing, S.H. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

This research received no external funding.

Institutional Review Board Statement

Ethical review and approval were waived for this study because this study does not involve research on humans or animals.

Informed Consent Statement

Not applicable.

Data Availability Statement

No new data were created or analyzed in this study. Data sharing is not applicable to this article.

Conflicts of Interest

There are no potential competing interests in this paper.

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Figure 1. Three characteristics of VR technology.

Figure 2. Application value analysis.

Figure 3. Application analysis of VR technology in interactive analysis of interior decoration design.

Figure 4. Understanding and expectation. (a)—Degree of understanding; (b)—Degree of expectation.

Figure 5. System function structure diagram.

Figure 6. Sensitivity test of handle in different directions. (a)—left and right; (b)—front and rear.

Figure 7. System test. (a)—stability and safety; (b)—response time and settling time.

Table 1. Specific types of applications.

Concrete Type	Number of People	Percentage
Furniture	35	27.78%
Wallpaper	33	26.19%
Floor	28	22.22%
Suspended ceiling	12	9.52%
Decorative picture	10	7.94%
Other	8	6.35%

Table 2. Delay time of interior decoration props transformation (s).

Number of Transformations	Delay Time
2	0.258 s
4	0.425 s
6	0.679 s
8	0.905 s
10	1.320 s

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Wu, S.; Han, S. System Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality Technology in the Interactive Design of Interior Decoration. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 6272. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13106272

AMA Style

Wu S, Han S. System Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality Technology in the Interactive Design of Interior Decoration. Applied Sciences. 2023; 13(10):6272. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13106272

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wu, Shuang, and Sangyun Han. 2023. "System Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality Technology in the Interactive Design of Interior Decoration" Applied Sciences 13, no. 10: 6272. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13106272

APA Style

Wu, S., & Han, S. (2023). System Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality Technology in the Interactive Design of Interior Decoration. Applied Sciences, 13(10), 6272. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13106272

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